Chapter Text
David's Charge to Solomon
Now the days of David drew nigh that he should die; and he charged Solomon his son, saying,
2I go the way of all the earth: be thou strong therefore, and shew thyself a man;
3And keep the charge of the LORD thy God, to walk in his ways, to keep his statutes, and his commandments, and his judgments, and his testimonies, as it is written in the law of Moses, that thou mayest prosper in all that thou doest, and whithersoever thou turnest thyself:
4That the LORD may continue his word which he spake concerning me, saying, If thy children take heed to their way, to walk before me in truth with all their heart and with all their soul, there shall not fail thee (said he) a man on the throne of Israel.
5Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did to me, and what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, unto Abner the son of Ner, and unto Amasa the son of Jether, whom he slew, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war upon his girdle that was about his loins, and in his shoes that were on his feet.
6Do therefore according to thy wisdom, and let not his hoar head go down to the grave in peace.
7But shew kindness unto the sons of Barzillai the Gileadite, and let them be of those that eat at thy table: for so they came to me when I fled because of Absalom thy brother.
8And, behold, thou hast with thee Shimei the son of Gera, a Benjamite of Bahurim, which cursed me with a grievous curse in the day when I went to Mahanaim: but he came down to meet me at Jordan, and I sware to him by the LORD, saying, I will not put thee to death with the sword.
9Now therefore hold him not guiltless: for thou art a wise man, and knowest what thou oughtest to do unto him; but his hoar head bring thou down to the grave with blood.
The Death of David
10So David slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David.
11And the days that David reigned over Israel were forty years: seven years reigned he in Hebron, and thirty and three years reigned he in Jerusalem.
12Then sat Solomon upon the throne of David his father; and his kingdom was established greatly.
Solomon's Kingdom Established
13And Adonijah the son of Haggith came to Bathsheba the mother of Solomon. And she said, Comest thou peaceably? And he said, Peaceably.
14He said moreover, I have somewhat to say unto thee. And she said, Say on.
15And he said, Thou knowest that the kingdom was mine, and that all Israel set their faces on me, that I should reign: howbeit the kingdom is turned about, and is become my brother's: for it was his from the LORD.
16And now I ask one petition of thee, deny me not. And she said unto him, Say on.
17And he said, Speak, I pray thee, unto Solomon the king, (for he will not say thee nay,) that he give me Abishag the Shunammite to wife.
18And Bathsheba said, Well; I will speak for thee unto the king.
19Bathsheba therefore went unto king Solomon, to speak unto him for Adonijah. And the king rose up to meet her, and bowed himself unto her, and sat down on his throne, and caused a seat to be set for the king's mother; and she sat on his right hand.
20Then she said, I desire one small petition of thee; I pray thee, say me not nay. And the king said unto her, Ask on, my mother: for I will not say thee nay.
21And she said, Let Abishag the Shunammite be given to Adonijah thy brother to wife.
22And king Solomon answered and said unto his mother, And why dost thou ask Abishag the Shunammite for Adonijah? ask for him the kingdom also; for he is mine elder brother; even for him, and for Abiathar the priest, and for Joab the son of Zeruiah.
23Then king Solomon sware by the LORD, saying, God do so to me, and more also, if Adonijah have not spoken this word against his own life.
24Now therefore, as the LORD liveth, which hath established me, and set me on the throne of David my father, and who hath made me an house, as he promised, Adonijah shall be put to death this day.
25And king Solomon sent by the hand of Benaiah the son of Jehoiada; and he fell upon him that he died.
26And unto Abiathar the priest said the king, Get thee to Anathoth, unto thine own fields; for thou art worthy of death: but I will not at this time put thee to death, because thou barest the ark of the Lord GOD before David my father, and because thou hast been afflicted in all wherein my father was afflicted.
27So Solomon thrust out Abiathar from being priest unto the LORD; that he might fulfil the word of the LORD, which he spake concerning the house of Eli in Shiloh.
28Then tidings came to Joab: for Joab had turned after Adonijah, though he turned not after Absalom. And Joab fled unto the tabernacle of the LORD, and caught hold on the horns of the altar.
29And it was told king Solomon that Joab was fled unto the tabernacle of the LORD; and, behold, he is by the altar. Then Solomon sent Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, saying, Go, fall upon him.
30And Benaiah came to the tabernacle of the LORD, and said unto him, Thus saith the king, Come forth. And he said, Nay; but I will die here. And Benaiah brought the king word again, saying, Thus said Joab, and thus he answered me.
31And the king said unto him, Do as he hath said, and fall upon him, and bury him; that thou mayest take away the innocent blood, which Joab shed, from me, and from the house of my father.
32And the LORD shall return his blood upon his own head, who fell upon two men more righteous and better than he, and slew them with the sword, my father David not knowing thereof, to wit, Abner the son of Ner, captain of the host of Israel, and Amasa the son of Jether, captain of the host of Judah.
33Their blood shall therefore return upon the head of Joab, and upon the head of his seed for ever: but upon David, and upon his seed, and upon his house, and upon his throne, shall there be peace for ever from the LORD.
34So Benaiah the son of Jehoiada went up, and fell upon him, and slew him: and he was buried in his own house in the wilderness.
35And the king put Benaiah the son of Jehoiada in his room over the host: and Zadok the priest did the king put in the room of Abiathar.
36And the king sent and called for Shimei, and said unto him, Build thee an house in Jerusalem, and dwell there, and go not forth thence any whither.
37For it shall be, that on the day thou goest out, and passest over the brook Kidron, thou shalt know for certain that thou shalt surely die: thy blood shall be upon thine own head.
38And Shimei said unto the king, The saying is good: as my lord the king hath said, so will thy servant do. And Shimei dwelt in Jerusalem many days.
39And it came to pass at the end of three years, that two of the servants of Shimei ran away unto Achish son of Maachah king of Gath. And they told Shimei, saying, Behold, thy servants be in Gath.
40And Shimei arose, and saddled his ass, and went to Gath to Achish to seek his servants: and Shimei went, and brought his servants from Gath.
41And it was told Solomon that Shimei had gone from Jerusalem to Gath, and was come again.
42And the king sent and called for Shimei, and said unto him, Did I not make thee to swear by the LORD, and protested unto thee, saying, Know for a certain, on the day thou goest out, and walkest abroad any whither, that thou shalt surely die? and thou saidst unto me, The word that I have heard is good.
43Why then hast thou not kept the oath of the LORD, and the commandment that I have charged thee with?
44The king said moreover to Shimei, Thou knowest all the wickedness which thine heart is privy to, that thou didst to David my father: therefore the LORD shall return thy wickedness upon thine own head;
45And king Solomon shall be blessed, and the throne of David shall be established before the LORD for ever.
46So the king commanded Benaiah the son of Jehoiada; which went out, and fell upon him, that he died. And the kingdom was established in the hand of Solomon.
Summary
David gives Solomon his final charge on his deathbed, urging him to be strong and keep God's commandments so that the Lord may establish the Davidic promise. He also instructs Solomon regarding unfinished business: deal wisely with Joab for his bloodguilt, show kindness to Barzillai's sons, and watch Shimei carefully.
David dies after reigning forty years. Solomon's kingdom is firmly established. Adonijah's request for Abishag the Shunammite is interpreted as a bid for the throne, leading to his execution. Abiathar is exiled, Joab is killed at the altar, and Shimei is eventually executed for violating his parole.
Meaning
David's charge to Solomon combines spiritual exhortation with political realism. The call to keep God's law is the foundation upon which all else rests, establishing that Israel's king rules under God's authority, not autonomously.
The consolidation of Solomon's throne through the removal of rivals, while harsh to modern sensibilities, reflects the ancient understanding that unchecked threats to a new king's authority would lead to civil war and greater bloodshed. Each execution is tied to prior offenses, not arbitrary power.
Background
Abishag the Shunammite had served as David's nurse in his final days. Requesting her in marriage was understood as a veiled claim to royal succession, which is why Solomon responded so decisively.
Abiathar's exile to Anathoth fulfilled the prophecy against Eli's priestly line from 1 Samuel 2. This village would later be the home of the prophet Jeremiah.
Chapter Outline
- vv. 1-4David's charge to keep the law
- vv. 5-9Final instructions concerning Joab, Barzillai, and Shimei
- vv. 10-12Death of David and Solomon enthroned
- vv. 13-25Adonijah's request and execution
- vv. 26-27Abiathar deposed, Eli's prophecy fulfilled
- vv. 28-35Joab slain at the altar
- vv. 36-46Shimei's confinement and death
Key Verses
“I go the way of all the earth: be thou strong therefore, and shew thyself a man;”— 2:2
David's deathbed charge to Solomon distills the call to courageous, godly manhood. Frequently quoted in exhortations to faithfulness and moral strength.
“And keep the charge of the LORD thy God, to walk in his ways, to keep his statutes, and his commandments, and his judgments, and his testimonies, as it is written in the law of Moses, that thou mayest prosper in all that thou doest, and whithersoever thou turnest thyself:”— 2:3
Echoes the Deuteronomic theology of covenant obedience tied to prosperity, framing Solomon's reign under the law of Moses. A foundational verse linking faithfulness to flourishing.
“That the LORD may continue his word which he spake concerning me, saying, If thy children take heed to their way, to walk before me in truth with all their heart and with all their soul, there shall not fail thee (said he) a man on the throne of Israel.”— 2:4
Reaffirms the Davidic covenant of 2 Samuel 7, conditioning dynastic continuity on faithfulness. Crucial for understanding the messianic line that culminates in Christ.
“Then sat Solomon upon the throne of David his father; and his kingdom was established greatly.”— 2:12
Marks the formal transition of the united monarchy and the inauguration of Solomon's reign. The phrase 'kingdom was established' frames the entire chapter's purges as consolidation under divine sanction.
People & Places
People
- David — Aged king of Israel who delivers his final charge to Solomon and dies after a forty-year reign.
- Solomon — David's son and successor who consolidates the throne by executing rivals and rewarding loyalty.
- Joab — David's former commander who supported Adonijah and is slain at the altar for his past bloodshed.
- Abner — Former captain of Israel's host whose murder by Joab is recalled as grounds for judgment.
- Amasa — Captain of Judah's host treacherously slain by Joab, cited in the case against him.
- Barzillai — Gileadite benefactor of David whose sons Solomon is charged to honor at the royal table.
- Shimei — Benjamite of Bahurim who once cursed David and is later executed for breaking his oath of confinement.
- Adonijah — Solomon's elder half-brother who, by requesting Abishag, signals continued royal ambition and is put to death.
- Bathsheba — Solomon's mother who intercedes on Adonijah's behalf and is honored with a seat at the king's right hand.
- Haggith — Mother of Adonijah, mentioned to identify her son's lineage.
- Abishag — The Shunammite who attended David in his old age, whose hand Adonijah seeks.
- Abiathar — Priest deposed by Solomon and exiled to Anathoth, fulfilling the prophecy against the house of Eli.
- Benaiah — Son of Jehoiada and Solomon's loyal enforcer who executes Adonijah, Joab, and Shimei, later promoted over the host.
- Zadok — Priest installed by Solomon in place of Abiathar, securing the legitimate priestly line.
- Achish — Philistine king of Gath to whom Shimei's servants flee, occasioning Shimei's fatal departure from Jerusalem.
Places
- City of David — The fortified southeastern hill of Jerusalem where David is buried among Israel's kings.
- Hebron — Judean city where David first reigned for seven years before moving his capital.
- Jerusalem — David's royal capital and the seat from which Solomon's kingdom is established.
- Mahanaim — Trans-Jordan town where David fled during Absalom's revolt and where Shimei's curse occurred.
- Jordan — The river crossing where Shimei met the returning David to plead for mercy.
- Bahurim — Benjamite village, home of Shimei son of Gera.
- Anathoth — Levitical town in Benjamin to which Abiathar is banished, later the hometown of Jeremiah.
- Shiloh — Former sanctuary site referenced in the prophecy against the house of Eli now fulfilled.
- Brook Kidron — Valley east of Jerusalem set as the boundary Shimei may not cross on pain of death.
- Gath — Philistine city where Shimei's runaway servants are found, prompting his fatal journey.
Prophecy & Fulfillment
Verse 27 explicitly notes that Solomon's deposition of Abiathar fulfilled 'the word of the LORD, which he spake concerning the house of Eli in Shiloh' (1 Samuel 2:27-36), where an unnamed prophet foretold that Eli's priestly line would be cut off. The chapter also reaffirms the Davidic covenant (vv. 4, 33, 45), promising that David's seed and throne shall endure 'for ever from the LORD' — a promise the New Testament identifies as fulfilled in Christ, the greater Son of David (Luke 1:32-33). Solomon's establishment thus serves as both historical fulfillment and messianic foreshadowing.
Devotional
David's parting words to Solomon cut to the heart of every life: be strong, walk in God's ways, and keep His commandments. Strength here is not bravado but covenant faithfulness — the courage to obey when obedience is costly.
The chapter also confronts us with unfinished business. Old wounds, unkept oaths, and quiet ambitions all surface when a new season begins. Like Solomon, we are called to deal honestly with what we have inherited, honoring those who showed us kindness and refusing to let bitterness fester.
What charge would shape your children if today were your last? Live now what you would say then.
Literary Style
Hebrew historical narrative in the Deuteronomistic tradition, combining a deathbed testament (vv. 1-9) with a series of court episodes. Features direct dialogue, royal oath formulas, and an explicit prophecy-fulfillment notice (v. 27) that frames the events theologically.