Chapter Text
Hezekiah Seeks Isaiah's Counsel
And it came to pass, when king Hezekiah heard it, that he rent his clothes, and covered himself with sackcloth, and went into the house of the LORD.
2And he sent Eliakim, which was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and the elders of the priests, covered with sackcloth, to Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz.
3And they said unto him, Thus saith Hezekiah, This day is a day of trouble, and of rebuke, and blasphemy: for the children are come to the birth, and there is not strength to bring forth.
4It may be the LORD thy God will hear all the words of Rabshakeh, whom the king of Assyria his master hath sent to reproach the living God; and will reprove the words which the LORD thy God hath heard: wherefore lift up thy prayer for the remnant that are left.
5So the servants of king Hezekiah came to Isaiah.
6And Isaiah said unto them, Thus shall ye say to your master, Thus saith the LORD, Be not afraid of the words which thou hast heard, with which the servants of the king of Assyria have blasphemed me.
7Behold, I will send a blast upon him, and he shall hear a rumour, and shall return to his own land; and I will cause him to fall by the sword in his own land.
8So Rabshakeh returned, and found the king of Assyria warring against Libnah: for he had heard that he was departed from Lachish.
9And when he heard say of Tirhakah king of Ethiopia, Behold, he is come out to fight against thee: he sent messengers again unto Hezekiah, saying,
10Thus shall ye speak to Hezekiah king of Judah, saying, Let not thy God in whom thou trustest deceive thee, saying, Jerusalem shall not be delivered into the hand of the king of Assyria.
11Behold, thou hast heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all lands, by destroying them utterly: and shalt thou be delivered?
12Have the gods of the nations delivered them which my fathers have destroyed; as Gozan, and Haran, and Rezeph, and the children of Eden which were in Thelasar?
13Where is the king of Hamath, and the king of Arpad, and the king of the city of Sepharvaim, of Hena, and Ivah?
Hezekiah's Prayer
14And Hezekiah received the letter of the hand of the messengers, and read it: and Hezekiah went up into the house of the LORD, and spread it before the LORD.
15And Hezekiah prayed before the LORD, and said, O LORD God of Israel, which dwellest between the cherubims, thou art the God, even thou alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth; thou hast made heaven and earth.
16LORD, bow down thine ear, and hear: open, LORD, thine eyes, and see: and hear the words of Sennacherib, which hath sent him to reproach the living God.
17Of a truth, LORD, the kings of Assyria have destroyed the nations and their lands,
18And have cast their gods into the fire: for they were no gods, but the work of men's hands, wood and stone: therefore they have destroyed them.
19Now therefore, O LORD our God, I beseech thee, save thou us out of his hand, that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that thou art the LORD God, even thou only.
Isaiah's Prophecy
20Then Isaiah the son of Amoz sent to Hezekiah, saying, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, That which thou hast prayed to me against Sennacherib king of Assyria I have heard.
21This is the word that the LORD hath spoken concerning him; The virgin the daughter of Zion hath despised thee, and laughed thee to scorn; the daughter of Jerusalem hath shaken her head at thee.
22Whom hast thou reproached and blasphemed? and against whom hast thou exalted thy voice, and lifted up thine eyes on high? even against the Holy One of Israel.
23By thy messengers thou hast reproached the Lord, and hast said, With the multitude of my chariots I am come up to the height of the mountains, to the sides of Lebanon, and will cut down the tall cedar trees thereof, and the choice fir trees thereof: and I will enter into the lodgings of his borders, and into the forest of his Carmel.
24I have digged and drunk strange waters, and with the sole of my feet have I dried up all the rivers of besieged places.
25Hast thou not heard long ago how I have done it, and of ancient times that I have formed it? now have I brought it to pass, that thou shouldest be to lay waste fenced cities into ruinous heaps.
26Therefore their inhabitants were of small power, they were dismayed and confounded; they were as the grass of the field, and as the green herb, as the grass on the housetops, and as corn blasted before it be grown up.
27But I know thy abode, and thy going out, and thy coming in, and thy rage against me.
28Because thy rage against me and thy tumult is come up into mine ears, therefore I will put my hook in thy nose, and my bridle in thy lips, and I will turn thee back by the way by which thou camest.
29And this shall be a sign unto thee, Ye shall eat this year such things as grow of themselves, and in the second year that which springeth of the same; and in the third year sow ye, and reap, and plant vineyards, and eat the fruits thereof.
30And the remnant that is escaped of the house of Judah shall yet again take root downward, and bear fruit upward.
31For out of Jerusalem shall go forth a remnant, and they that escape out of mount Zion: the zeal of the LORD of hosts shall do this.
32Therefore thus saith the LORD concerning the king of Assyria, He shall not come into this city, nor shoot an arrow there, nor come before it with shield, nor cast a bank against it.
33By the way that he came, by the same shall he return, and shall not come into this city, saith the LORD.
34For I will defend this city, to save it, for mine own sake, and for my servant David's sake.
Sennacherib's Fall
35And it came to pass that night, that the angel of the LORD went out, and smote in the camp of the Assyrians an hundred fourscore and five thousand: and when they arose early in the morning, behold, they were all dead corpses.
36So Sennacherib king of Assyria departed, and went and returned, and dwelt at Nineveh.
37And it came to pass, as he was worshipping in the house of Nisroch his god, that Adrammelech and Sharezer his sons smote him with the sword: and they escaped into the land of Armenia. And Esarhaddon his son reigned in his stead.
Summary
Hezekiah receives the Assyrian threats and goes to the temple, spreading Sennacherib's letter before the Lord. He sends for the prophet Isaiah, who delivers God's answer: Sennacherib will not enter Jerusalem, will not shoot an arrow against it, and will return to his own land by the way he came.
Isaiah's oracle mocks Assyria's arrogance against the Holy One of Israel. That night, the angel of the Lord strikes down 185,000 Assyrian soldiers. Sennacherib withdraws to Nineveh, where he is later murdered by his own sons while worshipping in the temple of his god Nisroch.
Meaning
Hezekiah's response to crisis, bringing the threat directly to God in the temple, is the model of faith under pressure. Rather than relying on military alliances or political calculation, he lays the impossible situation before the Lord and trusts.
The destruction of Sennacherib's army demonstrates that no military power can prevail against the purposes of God. Assyria's arrogance in claiming that no god had delivered any nation from its hand is answered decisively. The irony of Sennacherib's death in his own god's temple while worshipping underscores the powerlessness of false deities to protect even their most powerful devotees.
Background
The miraculous deliverance of Jerusalem in 701 BC became a foundational event in Judah's theology, creating the belief that Zion was inviolable, a belief the prophet Jeremiah would later have to correct.
Sennacherib's murder by his sons in 681 BC is confirmed by Assyrian records. The twenty-year gap between the Jerusalem campaign and his assassination is consistent with the biblical account.
Chapter Outline
- vv. 1-7Hezekiah seeks Isaiah's word
- vv. 8-13Sennacherib's threatening letter
- vv. 14-19Hezekiah spreads it before the LORD
- vv. 20-28The LORD answers Assyria's pride
- vv. 29-31Sign of the surviving remnant
- vv. 32-34Promise to defend Jerusalem
- vv. 35-37Assyria struck and Sennacherib slain
Key Verses
“And Hezekiah prayed before the LORD, and said, O LORD God of Israel, which dwellest between the cherubims, thou art the God, even thou alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth; thou hast made heaven and earth.”— 19:15
Hezekiah's confession of monotheism in the face of imperial threat is one of the great prayers of Scripture, affirming the LORD as sole Creator and Sovereign over all nations.
“Now therefore, O LORD our God, I beseech thee, save thou us out of his hand, that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that thou art the LORD God, even thou only.”— 19:19
Hezekiah grounds his plea not in self-preservation but in God's glory among the nations, modeling prayer that seeks God's renown above personal deliverance.
“For I will defend this city, to save it, for mine own sake, and for my servant David's sake.”— 19:34
The promise reveals God's covenant faithfulness to David as the basis of Jerusalem's deliverance, prefiguring the ultimate Son of David through whom salvation comes.
“And it came to pass that night, that the angel of the LORD went out, and smote in the camp of the Assyrians an hundred fourscore and five thousand: and when they arose early in the morning, behold, they were all dead corpses.”— 19:35
This dramatic miracle vindicates Hezekiah's trust and stands as one of the Old Testament's clearest demonstrations that no empire can stand against the LORD.
People & Places
People
- Hezekiah — King of Judah who humbles himself, prays, and trusts the LORD against Assyrian threat.
- Eliakim — Royal steward over Hezekiah's household, sent to consult Isaiah.
- Shebna — The scribe sent with Eliakim to seek the prophet's word.
- Isaiah — Prophet, son of Amoz, who delivers the LORD's assurance of deliverance.
- Rabshakeh — Assyrian field commander who returns to his master after delivering threats.
- Sennacherib — King of Assyria whose blasphemies provoke divine judgment and who is later assassinated by his sons.
- Tirhakah — Cushite king of Ethiopia whose advance distracts Sennacherib.
- Adrammelech — Son of Sennacherib who murders his father in the temple of Nisroch.
- Sharezer — Son of Sennacherib and accomplice in his assassination.
- Esarhaddon — Son of Sennacherib who succeeds him on the Assyrian throne.
- David — Israel's covenant king for whose sake the LORD pledges to defend Jerusalem.
- Nisroch — Assyrian deity in whose temple Sennacherib is slain while worshipping.
Places
- Jerusalem — Capital of Judah, the city the LORD pledges to defend from Assyrian assault.
- House of the LORD — The temple in Jerusalem where Hezekiah brings Sennacherib's letter before God.
- Libnah — Judahite town where Sennacherib was warring after leaving Lachish.
- Lachish — Fortified Judahite city from which the Assyrian king had departed.
- Ethiopia — Cush, homeland of King Tirhakah who marches against Assyria.
- Gozan, Haran, Rezeph, Eden in Thelasar — Conquered regions cited by Sennacherib as proof of Assyrian invincibility.
- Hamath, Arpad, Sepharvaim, Hena, Ivah — Cities whose kings fell before Assyria, named to intimidate Hezekiah.
- Lebanon — Northern mountain range whose famed cedars Sennacherib boasts of cutting down.
- Mount Zion — The hill of Jerusalem from which a faithful remnant shall go forth.
- Nineveh — Assyrian capital to which Sennacherib retreats and is later killed.
- Armenia (Ararat) — Northern land to which Sennacherib's assassin sons flee.
Prophecy & Fulfillment
Isaiah delivers a layered prophecy fulfilled within the chapter itself: Sennacherib will hear a rumor, return home, and fall by the sword (v. 7), and the Assyrian army will not enter Jerusalem (vv. 32–33). Verse 35 records the angelic destruction of 185,000 Assyrians, and verse 37 notes Sennacherib's assassination by his own sons—both fulfilling Isaiah's word precisely. The promise of a surviving remnant taking root downward and bearing fruit upward (vv. 30–31) also foreshadows the messianic Branch from Jesse and the preservation of David's line through which Christ would come.
Devotional
Hezekiah's response to crisis is a pattern worth memorizing. When the threatening letter arrives, he does not strategize first or despair—he goes up to the house of the LORD and spreads the problem out before God. There is something deeply honest about that gesture: laying the very words of our fear in God's presence.
Notice too what Hezekiah asks for. He does not merely want rescue; he wants God's name known among the nations. When our prayers move from self-preservation to God's glory, something shifts. The same God who answered Hezekiah still hears, still defends, still keeps covenant for His own sake.
Literary Style
Historical narrative woven with prophetic oracle and prayer. The chapter alternates prose reportage with elevated poetry in the LORD's taunt-song against Sennacherib (vv. 21–28), featuring vivid personification, parallelism, and the ironic image of the hook and bridle. Hezekiah's prayer is a model of formal petition.