Chapter Text
Cornelius Calls for Peter
There was a certain man in Caesarea called Cornelius, a centurion of the band called the Italian band,
2A devout man, and one that feared God with all his house, which gave much alms to the people, and prayed to God alway.
3He saw in a vision evidently about the ninth hour of the day an angel of God coming in to him, and saying unto him, Cornelius.
4And when he looked on him, he was afraid, and said, What is it, Lord? And he said unto him, Thy prayers and thine alms are come up for a memorial before God.
5And now send men to Joppa, and call for one Simon, whose surname is Peter:
6He lodgeth with one Simon a tanner, whose house is by the sea side: he shall tell thee what thou oughtest to do.
7And when the angel which spake unto Cornelius was departed, he called two of his household servants, and a devout soldier of them that waited on him continually;
8And when he had declared all these things unto them, he sent them to Joppa.
Peter's Vision
9On the morrow, as they went on their journey, and drew nigh unto the city, Peter went up upon the housetop to pray about the sixth hour:
10And he became very hungry, and would have eaten: but while they made ready, he fell into a trance,
11And saw heaven opened, and a certain vessel descending unto him, as it had been a great sheet knit at the four corners, and let down to the earth:
12Wherein were all manner of fourfooted beasts of the earth, and wild beasts, and creeping things, and fowls of the air.
13And there came a voice to him, Rise, Peter; kill, and eat.
14But Peter said, Not so, Lord; for I have never eaten any thing that is common or unclean.
15And the voice spake unto him again the second time, What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common.
16This was done thrice : and the vessel was received up again into heaven.
17Now while Peter doubted in himself what this vision which he had seen should mean , behold , the men which were sent from Cornelius had made enquiry for Simon's house, and stood before the gate,
18And called, and asked whether Simon, which was surnamed Peter, were lodged there.
19While Peter thought on the vision, the Spirit said unto him, Behold, three men seek thee.
20Arise therefore, and get thee down, and go with them, doubting nothing: for I have sent them.
21Then Peter went down to the men which were sent unto him from Cornelius; and said, Behold, I am he whom ye seek: what is the cause wherefore ye are come?
22And they said, Cornelius the centurion, a just man, and one that feareth God, and of good report among all the nation of the Jews, was warned from God by an holy angel to send for thee into his house, and to hear words of thee.
23Then called he them in, and lodged them. And on the morrow Peter went away with them, and certain brethren from Joppa accompanied him.
Peter at Cornelius's House
24And the morrow after they entered into Caesarea. And Cornelius waited for them , and had called together his kinsmen and near friends.
25And as Peter was coming in, Cornelius met him, and fell down at his feet, and worshipped him.
26But Peter took him up, saying, Stand up; I myself also am a man.
27And as he talked with him, he went in, and found many that were come together.
28And he said unto them, Ye know how that it is an unlawful thing for a man that is a Jew to keep company, or come unto one of another nation; but God hath shewed me that I should not call any man common or unclean.
29Therefore came I unto you without gainsaying, as soon as I was sent for: I ask therefore for what intent ye have sent for me?
30And Cornelius said, Four days ago I was fasting until this hour; and at the ninth hour I prayed in my house, and, behold, a man stood before me in bright clothing,
31And said, Cornelius, thy prayer is heard, and thine alms are had in remembrance in the sight of God.
32Send therefore to Joppa, and call hither Simon, whose surname is Peter; he is lodged in the house of one Simon a tanner by the sea side: who, when he cometh, shall speak unto thee.
33Immediately therefore I sent to thee; and thou hast well done that thou art come. Now therefore are we all here present before God, to hear all things that are commanded thee of God.
34Then Peter opened his mouth, and said, Of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of persons:
35But in every nation he that feareth him, and worketh righteousness, is accepted with him.
36The word which God sent unto the children of Israel, preaching peace by Jesus Christ: (he is Lord of all:)
37That word, I say, ye know, which was published throughout all Judaea, and began from Galilee, after the baptism which John preached;
38How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power: who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the devil; for God was with him.
39And we are witnesses of all things which he did both in the land of the Jews, and in Jerusalem; whom they slew and hanged on a tree:
40Him God raised up the third day, and shewed him openly ;
41Not to all the people, but unto witnesses chosen before of God, even to us, who did eat and drink with him after he rose from the dead.
42And he commanded us to preach unto the people, and to testify that it is he which was ordained of God to be the Judge of quick and dead.
43To him give all the prophets witness, that through his name whosoever believeth in him shall receive remission of sins.
The Holy Spirit Falls on the Gentiles
44While Peter yet spake these words, the Holy Ghost fell on all them which heard the word.
45And they of the circumcision which believed were astonished, as many as came with Peter, because that on the Gentiles also was poured out the gift of the Holy Ghost.
46For they heard them speak with tongues, and magnify God. Then answered Peter,
47Can any man forbid water, that these should not be baptized, which have received the Holy Ghost as well as we?
48And he commanded them to be baptized in the name of the Lord. Then prayed they him to tarry certain days.
Summary
The centurion Cornelius, a devout Gentile in Caesarea, receives a vision from an angel instructing him to send for Peter. Meanwhile, Peter receives a vision of a sheet descending from heaven filled with unclean animals, and a voice commands him to kill and eat. Peter protests, but God declares what He has cleansed must not be called common. The vision occurs three times, and Peter is instructed to go with the men Cornelius has sent.
Meaning
This chapter marks a pivotal turning point in the expansion of the gospel to the Gentile world. God must overcome Peter's deeply ingrained cultural and religious prejudices before he can carry the message beyond Jewish boundaries. The vision of the unclean animals is not primarily about food but about people — God is dismantling the wall of separation.
The parallel visions given to Cornelius and Peter reveal God's sovereign orchestration of events. He prepares both the messenger and the recipient simultaneously, demonstrating that salvation is entirely His initiative from beginning to end.
Background
Cornelius was a centurion of the Italian Band, a cohort of Roman soldiers stationed in Caesarea, the Roman administrative capital of Judaea. As a God-fearer, he worshipped the God of Israel without full conversion to Judaism. The dietary laws distinguishing clean and unclean animals had been foundational to Jewish identity since Moses. Peter's lodging with Simon the tanner was itself unusual, as tanners were considered ritually unclean.
Chapter Outline
- vv. 1-8Cornelius receives an angelic vision
- vv. 9-16Peter's vision of the great sheet
- vv. 17-23The messengers arrive at Joppa
- vv. 24-33Peter enters the house of Cornelius
- vv. 34-43Peter preaches Christ to the Gentiles
- vv. 44-48The Holy Ghost falls and baptism follows
Key Verses
“And the voice spake unto him again the second time, What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common.”— 10:15
The pivotal declaration that abolishes the ceremonial barrier between Jew and Gentile, reframing Peter's vision as a theological mandate for inclusion in the church.
“Then Peter opened his mouth, and said, Of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of persons:”— 10:34
A foundational New Testament statement on divine impartiality, frequently cited to affirm that the gospel transcends ethnic, social, and national distinctions.
“To him give all the prophets witness, that through his name whosoever believeth in him shall receive remission of sins.”— 10:43
A concise summary of the apostolic gospel, anchoring forgiveness in faith in Christ alone and grounding that promise in the unified witness of the prophets.
“While Peter yet spake these words, the Holy Ghost fell on all them which heard the word.”— 10:44
The 'Gentile Pentecost' — God Himself authenticates Gentile inclusion by pouring out the Spirit before baptism, settling the question of who belongs to the people of God.
People & Places
People
- Cornelius — A devout Roman centurion of the Italian band stationed in Caesarea who feared God and became the first Gentile convert recorded in Acts.
- Peter — The apostle whose rooftop vision and subsequent preaching open the door of the gospel to the Gentiles.
- Simon the tanner — A believer in Joppa whose seaside house lodged Peter — notable since tanning was a ceremonially unclean trade.
- Jesus of Nazareth — The crucified and risen Lord whom Peter proclaims as ordained Judge of the living and the dead.
- John the Baptist — Referenced as the forerunner whose baptism marked the beginning of Jesus' public ministry in Galilee.
Places
- Caesarea — The Roman provincial capital on the Mediterranean coast where Cornelius was stationed and where the Gentile Pentecost occurred.
- Joppa — A coastal port south of Caesarea where Peter was staying with Simon the tanner when he received the vision.
- Judaea — The southern region of Israel where Jesus' ministry, death, and resurrection took place, central to Peter's gospel summary.
- Galilee — The northern region where Jesus' ministry began following John's baptism.
- Jerusalem — The city where Jesus was crucified, cited by Peter as the location of the apostolic eyewitness testimony.
Prophecy & Fulfillment
Peter's sermon explicitly invokes prophetic witness in verse 43: 'To him give all the prophets witness, that through his name whosoever believeth in him shall receive remission of sins.' The chapter enacts the long-promised inclusion of the nations foreshadowed in passages like Isaiah 49:6 and Genesis 12:3, where Abraham's seed was to bless all families of the earth. The outpouring of the Spirit on Gentiles in verses 44-46 fulfills Joel 2:28's promise that God would pour His Spirit on 'all flesh,' a promise Peter himself had quoted at Pentecost in Acts 2.
Devotional
God meets us where we are — Cornelius in disciplined prayer, Peter on a rooftop at noon — and then sends us beyond the borders we have drawn around His grace. Notice how Peter's first instinct is to refuse what God calls clean. We all carry categories of people we quietly count as outside, unworthy, or inconvenient.
This chapter invites a humbler posture. If God shows no partiality, neither can we. Pray with expectation, listen for interruptions, and be willing to walk into a house you would never have entered yesterday. The gospel always travels further than our comfort.
Literary Style
Historical narrative typical of Luke's Acts, structured as a paired double vision that converges into a single scene. Features embedded dialogue, a kerygmatic sermon summarizing the apostolic gospel, and a climactic theophanic moment marking a turning point in redemptive history.