Chapter Text
Nebuchadnezzar's Dream
And in the second year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar Nebuchadnezzar dreamed dreams, wherewith his spirit was troubled, and his sleep brake from him.
2Then the king commanded to call the magicians, and the astrologers, and the sorcerers, and the Chaldeans, for to shew the king his dreams. So they came and stood before the king.
3And the king said unto them, I have dreamed a dream, and my spirit was troubled to know the dream.
4Then spake the Chaldeans to the king in Syriack, O king, live for ever: tell thy servants the dream, and we will shew the interpretation.
5The king answered and said to the Chaldeans, The thing is gone from me: if ye will not make known unto me the dream, with the interpretation thereof, ye shall be cut in pieces, and your houses shall be made a dunghill.
6But if ye shew the dream, and the interpretation thereof, ye shall receive of me gifts and rewards and great honour: therefore shew me the dream, and the interpretation thereof.
7They answered again and said, Let the king tell his servants the dream, and we will shew the interpretation of it.
8The king answered and said, I know of certainty that ye would gain the time, because ye see the thing is gone from me.
9But if ye will not make known unto me the dream, there is but one decree for you: for ye have prepared lying and corrupt words to speak before me, till the time be changed: therefore tell me the dream, and I shall know that ye can shew me the interpretation thereof.
10The Chaldeans answered before the king, and said, There is not a man upon the earth that can shew the king's matter: therefore there is no king, lord, nor ruler, that asked such things at any magician, or astrologer, or Chaldean.
11And it is a rare thing that the king requireth, and there is none other that can shew it before the king, except the gods, whose dwelling is not with flesh.
12For this cause the king was angry and very furious, and commanded to destroy all the wise men of Babylon.
13And the decree went forth that the wise men should be slain; and they sought Daniel and his fellows to be slain.
14Then Daniel answered with counsel and wisdom to Arioch the captain of the king's guard, which was gone forth to slay the wise men of Babylon:
15He answered and said to Arioch the king's captain, Why is the decree so hasty from the king? Then Arioch made the thing known to Daniel.
16Then Daniel went in, and desired of the king that he would give him time, and that he would shew the king the interpretation.
17Then Daniel went to his house, and made the thing known to Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, his companions:
18That they would desire mercies of the God of heaven concerning this secret; that Daniel and his fellows should not perish with the rest of the wise men of Babylon.
19Then was the secret revealed unto Daniel in a night vision. Then Daniel blessed the God of heaven.
20Daniel answered and said, Blessed be the name of God for ever and ever : for wisdom and might are his:
21And he changeth the times and the seasons: he removeth kings, and setteth up kings: he giveth wisdom unto the wise, and knowledge to them that know understanding:
22He revealeth the deep and secret things: he knoweth what is in the darkness, and the light dwelleth with him.
23I thank thee, and praise thee, O thou God of my fathers, who hast given me wisdom and might, and hast made known unto me now what we desired of thee: for thou hast now made known unto us the king's matter.
Daniel Interprets the Dream
24Therefore Daniel went in unto Arioch, whom the king had ordained to destroy the wise men of Babylon: he went and said thus unto him; Destroy not the wise men of Babylon: bring me in before the king, and I will shew unto the king the interpretation.
25Then Arioch brought in Daniel before the king in haste, and said thus unto him, I have found a man of the captives of Judah, that will make known unto the king the interpretation.
26The king answered and said to Daniel, whose name was Belteshazzar, Art thou able to make known unto me the dream which I have seen, and the interpretation thereof?
27Daniel answered in the presence of the king, and said, The secret which the king hath demanded cannot the wise men, the astrologers, the magicians, the soothsayers, shew unto the king;
28But there is a God in heaven that revealeth secrets, and maketh known to the king Nebuchadnezzar what shall be in the latter days. Thy dream, and the visions of thy head upon thy bed, are these;
29As for thee, O king, thy thoughts came into thy mind upon thy bed, what should come to pass hereafter : and he that revealeth secrets maketh known to thee what shall come to pass.
30But as for me, this secret is not revealed to me for any wisdom that I have more than any living, but for their sakes that shall make known the interpretation to the king, and that thou mightest know the thoughts of thy heart.
31Thou, O king, sawest , and behold a great image. This great image, whose brightness was excellent, stood before thee; and the form thereof was terrible.
32This image's head was of fine gold, his breast and his arms of silver, his belly and his thighs of brass,
33His legs of iron, his feet part of iron and part of clay.
34Thou sawest till that a stone was cut out without hands, which smote the image upon his feet that were of iron and clay, and brake them to pieces.
35Then was the iron, the clay, the brass, the silver, and the gold, broken to pieces together, and became like the chaff of the summer threshingfloors; and the wind carried them away, that no place was found for them: and the stone that smote the image became a great mountain, and filled the whole earth.
36This is the dream; and we will tell the interpretation thereof before the king.
37Thou, O king, art a king of kings: for the God of heaven hath given thee a kingdom, power, and strength, and glory.
38And wheresoever the children of men dwell, the beasts of the field and the fowls of the heaven hath he given into thine hand, and hath made thee ruler over them all. Thou art this head of gold.
39And after thee shall arise another kingdom inferior to thee, and another third kingdom of brass, which shall bear rule over all the earth.
40And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron: forasmuch as iron breaketh in pieces and subdueth all things: and as iron that breaketh all these, shall it break in pieces and bruise.
41And whereas thou sawest the feet and toes, part of potters' clay, and part of iron, the kingdom shall be divided; but there shall be in it of the strength of the iron, forasmuch as thou sawest the iron mixed with miry clay.
42And as the toes of the feet were part of iron, and part of clay, so the kingdom shall be partly strong, and partly broken.
43And whereas thou sawest iron mixed with miry clay, they shall mingle themselves with the seed of men: but they shall not cleave one to another, even as iron is not mixed with clay.
44And in the days of these kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom, which shall never be destroyed: and the kingdom shall not be left to other people, but it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand for ever.
45Forasmuch as thou sawest that the stone was cut out of the mountain without hands, and that it brake in pieces the iron, the brass, the clay, the silver, and the gold; the great God hath made known to the king what shall come to pass hereafter : and the dream is certain, and the interpretation thereof sure.
Daniel Promoted
46Then the king Nebuchadnezzar fell upon his face, and worshipped Daniel, and commanded that they should offer an oblation and sweet odours unto him.
47The king answered unto Daniel, and said, Of a truth it is, that your God is a God of gods, and a Lord of kings, and a revealer of secrets, seeing thou couldest reveal this secret.
48Then the king made Daniel a great man, and gave him many great gifts, and made him ruler over the whole province of Babylon, and chief of the governors over all the wise men of Babylon.
49Then Daniel requested of the king, and he set Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, over the affairs of the province of Babylon: but Daniel sat in the gate of the king.
Summary
Nebuchadnezzar dreams of a great image with a head of gold, chest and arms of silver, belly and thighs of bronze, legs of iron, and feet of iron mixed with clay. A stone cut without hands strikes the feet and the entire image crumbles to dust, blown away by the wind. The stone becomes a great mountain filling the whole earth. None of the wise men of Babylon can tell the king his dream, but God reveals it to Daniel. Daniel interprets the kingdoms and declares that God will set up an everlasting kingdom that shall never be destroyed.
Meaning
The image of successive metals represents the decline of human empire from gold to iron mixed with clay, a trajectory of deterioration despite increasing military power. Each kingdom is inferior in some essential quality to its predecessor, revealing that human civilization apart from God is on a downward path.
The stone cut without hands is the kingdom of God, established not by human effort but by divine intervention. Its growth from a stone to a mountain filling the earth teaches that God's kingdom begins small but ultimately surpasses and replaces every human system. All of human history moves toward this consummation.
Background
The four kingdoms are traditionally identified as Babylon (gold), Medo-Persia (silver), Greece (bronze), and Rome (iron). The feet of iron and clay represent the fragmented state of the Roman Empire and its successors.
Nebuchadnezzar's demand that his wise men tell him both the dream and its interpretation was unprecedented and likely designed to test whether their claimed abilities were genuine.
Chapter Outline
- vv. 1-13The king's troubling dream and deadly decree
- vv. 14-18Daniel seeks time and prayer with his friends
- vv. 19-23Daniel's hymn of praise for revealed wisdom
- vv. 24-30Daniel brought before Nebuchadnezzar
- vv. 31-35The vision of the great image
- vv. 36-45Interpretation: four kingdoms and the everlasting stone
- vv. 46-49Daniel exalted in Babylon
Key Verses
“And he changeth the times and the seasons: he removeth kings, and setteth up kings: he giveth wisdom unto the wise, and knowledge to them that know understanding:”— 2:21
A foundational declaration of God's sovereignty over history and political power, frequently cited in discussions of providence and the rise and fall of nations.
“But there is a God in heaven that revealeth secrets, and maketh known to the king Nebuchadnezzar what shall be in the latter days. Thy dream, and the visions of thy head upon thy bed, are these;”— 2:28
Daniel deflects glory from himself to the God of heaven, introducing the prophetic phrase 'the latter days' that frames biblical eschatology.
“And in the days of these kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom, which shall never be destroyed: and the kingdom shall not be left to other people, but it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand for ever.”— 2:44
The climactic prophecy of the everlasting kingdom of God, understood by Christian tradition as the Messianic kingdom inaugurated by Christ that will outlast every earthly empire.
People & Places
People
- Nebuchadnezzar — King of Babylon whose troubling dream sets the chapter in motion.
- Daniel (Belteshazzar) — Hebrew exile and prophet whom God grants the interpretation of the king's dream.
- Arioch — Captain of the king's guard tasked with executing the wise men of Babylon.
- Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah — Daniel's three companions (Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego) who pray with him for the secret to be revealed.
Places
- Babylon — The imperial capital where Daniel and his companions serve as exiles in Nebuchadnezzar's court.
Prophecy & Fulfillment
The dream of the great image (vv. 31–45) outlines a succession of world empires—traditionally identified as Babylon (gold), Medo-Persia (silver), Greece (brass), and Rome (iron)—culminating in a divided kingdom of iron and clay. The stone cut without hands that shatters the image and becomes a mountain filling the earth (vv. 34–35, 44–45) is widely understood in Christian interpretation as the Messianic kingdom of Christ, breaking in during the days of Rome and destined to fill all creation. This prophecy parallels and undergirds the kingdom imagery in Daniel 7 and the New Testament's announcement that 'the kingdom of God is at hand.'
Devotional
When pressure mounts and the stakes feel impossible, Daniel's first move is not panic but prayer. He gathers his friends, asks for mercy from the God of heaven, and waits—then breaks into worship before he ever sees a reward.
His song in verses 20–23 is a model for our own anxious moments: God changes times and seasons, removes and raises up, reveals what is hidden. Whatever empire looms over your life today, the stone cut without hands is still moving. Trust the God who gives wisdom, and remember to thank Him before the answer is fully in your hands.
Literary Style
Court narrative interwoven with apocalyptic dream-vision and a hymn of praise (vv. 20–23). From verse 4 onward the text shifts into Aramaic, the diplomatic language of the empire, and features symbolic imagery, prophetic interpretation, and dramatic dialogue between king and seer.