Chapter Text
The Writing on the Wall
Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand.
2Belshazzar, whiles he tasted the wine, commanded to bring the golden and silver vessels which his father Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple which was in Jerusalem; that the king, and his princes, his wives, and his concubines, might drink therein.
3Then they brought the golden vessels that were taken out of the temple of the house of God which was at Jerusalem; and the king, and his princes, his wives, and his concubines, drank in them.
4They drank wine, and praised the gods of gold, and of silver, of brass, of iron, of wood, and of stone.
5In the same hour came forth fingers of a man's hand, and wrote over against the candlestick upon the plaister of the wall of the king's palace: and the king saw the part of the hand that wrote.
6Then the king's countenance was changed, and his thoughts troubled him, so that the joints of his loins were loosed, and his knees smote one against another.
7The king cried aloud to bring in the astrologers, the Chaldeans, and the soothsayers. And the king spake, and said to the wise men of Babylon, Whosoever shall read this writing, and shew me the interpretation thereof, shall be clothed with scarlet, and have a chain of gold about his neck, and shall be the third ruler in the kingdom.
8Then came in all the king's wise men: but they could not read the writing, nor make known to the king the interpretation thereof.
9Then was king Belshazzar greatly troubled, and his countenance was changed in him, and his lords were astonied.
10Now the queen, by reason of the words of the king and his lords, came into the banquet house: and the queen spake and said, O king, live for ever: let not thy thoughts trouble thee, nor let thy countenance be changed:
11There is a man in thy kingdom, in whom is the spirit of the holy gods; and in the days of thy father light and understanding and wisdom, like the wisdom of the gods, was found in him; whom the king Nebuchadnezzar thy father, the king, I say, thy father, made master of the magicians, astrologers, Chaldeans, and soothsayers;
12Forasmuch as an excellent spirit, and knowledge, and understanding, interpreting of dreams, and shewing of hard sentences, and dissolving of doubts, were found in the same Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar: now let Daniel be called, and he will shew the interpretation.
Daniel Reads the Writing
13Then was Daniel brought in before the king. And the king spake and said unto Daniel, Art thou that Daniel, which art of the children of the captivity of Judah, whom the king my father brought out of Jewry?
14I have even heard of thee, that the spirit of the gods is in thee, and that light and understanding and excellent wisdom is found in thee.
15And now the wise men, the astrologers, have been brought in before me, that they should read this writing, and make known unto me the interpretation thereof: but they could not shew the interpretation of the thing:
16And I have heard of thee, that thou canst make interpretations, and dissolve doubts: now if thou canst read the writing, and make known to me the interpretation thereof, thou shalt be clothed with scarlet, and have a chain of gold about thy neck, and shalt be the third ruler in the kingdom.
17Then Daniel answered and said before the king, Let thy gifts be to thyself, and give thy rewards to another; yet I will read the writing unto the king, and make known to him the interpretation.
18O thou king, the most high God gave Nebuchadnezzar thy father a kingdom, and majesty, and glory, and honour:
19And for the majesty that he gave him, all people, nations, and languages, trembled and feared before him: whom he would he slew ; and whom he would he kept alive ; and whom he would he set up ; and whom he would he put down .
20But when his heart was lifted up, and his mind hardened in pride, he was deposed from his kingly throne, and they took his glory from him:
21And he was driven from the sons of men; and his heart was made like the beasts, and his dwelling was with the wild asses: they fed him with grass like oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven; till he knew that the most high God ruled in the kingdom of men, and that he appointeth over it whomsoever he will.
22And thou his son, O Belshazzar, hast not humbled thine heart, though thou knewest all this;
23But hast lifted up thyself against the Lord of heaven; and they have brought the vessels of his house before thee, and thou, and thy lords, thy wives, and thy concubines, have drunk wine in them; and thou hast praised the gods of silver, and gold, of brass, iron, wood, and stone, which see not, nor hear, nor know: and the God in whose hand thy breath is, and whose are all thy ways, hast thou not glorified:
24Then was the part of the hand sent from him; and this writing was written.
25And this is the writing that was written, MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN.
26This is the interpretation of the thing: MENE; God hath numbered thy kingdom, and finished it.
27TEKEL; Thou art weighed in the balances, and art found wanting.
28PERES; Thy kingdom is divided, and given to the Medes and Persians.
29Then commanded Belshazzar, and they clothed Daniel with scarlet, and put a chain of gold about his neck, and made a proclamation concerning him, that he should be the third ruler in the kingdom.
The Fall of Babylon
30In that night was Belshazzar the king of the Chaldeans slain.
31And Darius the Median took the kingdom, being about threescore and two years old.
Summary
Belshazzar, grandson of Nebuchadnezzar, holds a great feast for a thousand lords and commands that the sacred vessels from the Jerusalem Temple be brought for drinking. As they drink from the holy vessels and praise their gods of gold and silver, a hand appears and writes on the wall: MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN. The terrified king summons Daniel, who interprets: God has numbered the kingdom and finished it, the king has been weighed and found wanting, and the kingdom is divided between the Medes and Persians. That very night Belshazzar is slain.
Meaning
Belshazzar's feast represents the ultimate act of sacrilegious defiance: using vessels consecrated to the worship of the true God for a pagan celebration. What Nebuchadnezzar had learned through painful discipline, Belshazzar never grasps. The writing on the wall is divine accounting, a final audit of a kingdom that has exhausted God's patience.
The words themselves carry devastating precision. MENE: numbered. TEKEL: weighed. UPHARSIN: divided. God measures, evaluates, and acts. The message applies to every human institution that lifts itself against the Almighty. The scales of divine justice are always in operation, and no kingdom endures that is found wanting.
Background
Historical records confirm that Babylon fell to the Medo-Persian forces under Cyrus the Great in 539 BC. The Greek historian Herodotus records that the Persians diverted the Euphrates River and entered the city through the riverbed while the Babylonians feasted.
Belshazzar was actually co-regent with his father Nabonidus, who was absent from Babylon. This explains why Daniel is offered the position of third ruler in the kingdom rather than second.
Chapter Outline
- vv. 1-4Belshazzar's blasphemous feast
- vv. 5-9The handwriting on the wall
- vv. 10-12The queen remembers Daniel
- vv. 13-16Daniel summoned before the king
- vv. 17-23Daniel rebukes Belshazzar's pride
- vv. 24-28The interpretation: MENE, TEKEL, PERES
- vv. 29-31Babylon falls in the night
Key Verses
“In the same hour came forth fingers of a man's hand, and wrote over against the candlestick upon the plaister of the wall of the king's palace: and the king saw the part of the hand that wrote.”— 5:5
The origin of the proverbial phrase 'the writing on the wall,' this verse marks one of Scripture's most dramatic divine interventions, signaling imminent judgment upon a proud and profane king.
“And this is the writing that was written, MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN.”— 5:25
These mysterious Aramaic words form the heart of the chapter's prophecy, weighing Belshazzar's reign and pronouncing its end. They have entered Western literature as a byword for inescapable judgment.
“TEKEL; Thou art weighed in the balances, and art found wanting.”— 5:27
A sobering image of divine evaluation, often quoted to express the moral accountability every soul bears before God. It encapsulates the chapter's theme that pride and sacrilege invite ruin.
“In that night was Belshazzar the king of the Chaldeans slain.”— 5:30
The swift fulfillment of Daniel's interpretation demonstrates that God's pronouncements are not idle threats. Within hours, the mighty Babylonian empire fell, fulfilling prophecies stretching back to Isaiah and Jeremiah.
People & Places
People
- Belshazzar — King of Babylon (co-regent with Nabonidus) whose blasphemous feast brings divine judgment and the fall of his kingdom.
- Nebuchadnezzar — Belshazzar's predecessor (called 'father,' meaning ancestor), whose humbling under God serves as the warning Belshazzar ignored.
- The queen — Likely the queen mother, who remembers Daniel's gifts and counsels the terrified king to summon him.
- Daniel — The aged Hebrew prophet, now perhaps in his eighties, called from obscurity to interpret the writing on the wall.
- Darius the Median — The conqueror who takes the kingdom the very night Babylon falls, fulfilling the prophecy of PERES.
Places
- Babylon — The imperial capital, whose fall this night ends the Neo-Babylonian Empire and shifts world power to the Medes and Persians.
- Jerusalem — Source of the holy temple vessels that Belshazzar profanes, recalling the exile of Judah and the sanctity of God's house.
Prophecy & Fulfillment
This chapter records both the giving and immediate fulfillment of prophecy. The mysterious words MENE, TEKEL, PERES (vv. 25-28) declare that God has numbered Belshazzar's reign, weighed him wanting, and divided his kingdom to the Medes and Persians — fulfilled that very night (vv. 30-31). The fall also fulfills earlier prophecies in Isaiah 13, Isaiah 47, and Jeremiah 51 concerning Babylon's overthrow, and confirms the second kingdom (silver) of Nebuchadnezzar's dream image in Daniel 2:39.
Devotional
Belshazzar knew the story of his grandfather's humbling, yet he repeated the same pride with worse irreverence. Knowledge without humility hardens the heart.
The writing on the wall reminds us that God sees what happens behind palace doors, and that no power, wealth, or revelry can shield us from accountability. To be 'weighed in the balances' is the destiny of every life.
Yet the chapter also honors Daniel — faithful into old age, refusing rewards, speaking truth to a doomed king. Quiet integrity outlasts empires, and a life lived before God is never weighed wanting.
Literary Style
Dramatic historical narrative in Aramaic, structured around a single night's events. Features vivid scene-setting, royal dialogue, and a prophetic oracle built on wordplay between the Aramaic terms for 'numbered,' 'weighed,' and 'divided,' with swift narrative resolution.