Chapter Text
Daniel's Vision of Four Beasts
In the first year of Belshazzar king of Babylon Daniel had a dream and visions of his head upon his bed: then he wrote the dream, and told the sum of the matters.
2Daniel spake and said, I saw in my vision by night, and, behold, the four winds of the heaven strove upon the great sea.
3And four great beasts came up from the sea, diverse one from another.
4The first was like a lion, and had eagle's wings: I beheld till the wings thereof were plucked, and it was lifted up from the earth, and made stand upon the feet as a man, and a man's heart was given to it.
5And behold another beast, a second, like to a bear, and it raised up itself on one side, and it had three ribs in the mouth of it between the teeth of it: and they said thus unto it, Arise, devour much flesh.
6After this I beheld , and lo another, like a leopard, which had upon the back of it four wings of a fowl; the beast had also four heads; and dominion was given to it.
7After this I saw in the night visions, and behold a fourth beast, dreadful and terrible, and strong exceedingly; and it had great iron teeth: it devoured and brake in pieces, and stamped the residue with the feet of it: and it was diverse from all the beasts that were before it; and it had ten horns.
8I considered the horns, and, behold, there came up among them another little horn, before whom there were three of the first horns plucked up by the roots: and, behold, in this horn were eyes like the eyes of man, and a mouth speaking great things.
The Ancient of Days
9I beheld till the thrones were cast down, and the Ancient of days did sit, whose garment was white as snow, and the hair of his head like the pure wool: his throne was like the fiery flame, and his wheels as burning fire.
10A fiery stream issued and came forth from before him: thousand thousands ministered unto him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him: the judgment was set, and the books were opened.
11I beheld then because of the voice of the great words which the horn spake: I beheld even till the beast was slain, and his body destroyed, and given to the burning flame.
12As concerning the rest of the beasts, they had their dominion taken away: yet their lives were prolonged for a season and time.
The Son of Man
13I saw in the night visions, and, behold, one like the Son of man came with the clouds of heaven, and came to the Ancient of days, and they brought him near before him.
14And there was given him dominion, and glory, and a kingdom, that all people, nations, and languages, should serve him: his dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and his kingdom that which shall not be destroyed.
15I Daniel was grieved in my spirit in the midst of my body, and the visions of my head troubled me.
16I came near unto one of them that stood by, and asked him the truth of all this. So he told me, and made me know the interpretation of the things.
17These great beasts, which are four, are four kings, which shall arise out of the earth.
18But the saints of the most High shall take the kingdom, and possess the kingdom for ever, even for ever and ever.
19Then I would know the truth of the fourth beast, which was diverse from all the others, exceeding dreadful, whose teeth were of iron, and his nails of brass; which devoured, brake in pieces, and stamped the residue with his feet;
20And of the ten horns that were in his head, and of the other which came up, and before whom three fell; even of that horn that had eyes, and a mouth that spake very great things, whose look was more stout than his fellows.
21I beheld , and the same horn made war with the saints, and prevailed against them;
22Until the Ancient of days came , and judgment was given to the saints of the most High; and the time came that the saints possessed the kingdom.
23Thus he said, The fourth beast shall be the fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall be diverse from all kingdoms, and shall devour the whole earth, and shall tread it down, and break it in pieces.
24And the ten horns out of this kingdom are ten kings that shall arise: and another shall rise after them; and he shall be diverse from the first, and he shall subdue three kings.
25And he shall speak great words against the most High, and shall wear out the saints of the most High, and think to change times and laws: and they shall be given into his hand until a time and times and the dividing of time.
26But the judgment shall sit, and they shall take away his dominion, to consume and to destroy it unto the end.
27And the kingdom and dominion, and the greatness of the kingdom under the whole heaven, shall be given to the people of the saints of the most High, whose kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and all dominions shall serve and obey him.
28Hitherto is the end of the matter. As for me Daniel, my cogitations much troubled me, and my countenance changed in me: but I kept the matter in my heart.
Summary
In the first year of Belshazzar, Daniel receives a night vision of four great beasts rising from the sea. The first is like a lion with eagle's wings, the second like a bear raised on one side, the third like a leopard with four wings and four heads, and the fourth is dreadful and terrible with iron teeth and ten horns. A little horn rises among the ten, speaking great things. The Ancient of Days takes His seat on a fiery throne, and one like the Son of Man comes with the clouds and receives an everlasting dominion over all peoples and nations.
Meaning
The four beasts parallel the four metals of Nebuchadnezzar's image but reveal the beastly nature of human empire from heaven's perspective. What appears glorious from earth looks savage from above. Human power apart from God is ultimately predatory.
The vision of the Ancient of Days and the Son of Man is among the most exalted passages in all of Scripture. The title Son of Man, which Jesus would later claim as His own, designates a divine-human figure who receives universal, eternal authority. His kingdom contrasts absolutely with the bestial kingdoms: where they devour, He gives life. Where they are temporary, His dominion is everlasting.
Background
Jesus' consistent self-designation as the Son of Man draws directly from this passage, claiming for Himself the authority and eternal dominion that Daniel saw conferred by the Ancient of Days. This is one of the most important messianic passages in the Old Testament.
The four beasts are traditionally identified with the same four empires as the image in chapter 2: Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece, and Rome. The little horn is widely understood as a future world ruler who opposes God.
Chapter Outline
- vv. 1-3Daniel's Dream by the Great Sea
- vv. 4-8The Four Beasts and Little Horn
- vv. 9-10The Ancient of Days Enthroned
- vv. 11-12Judgment Upon the Beasts
- vv. 13-14The Son of Man Receives the Kingdom
- vv. 15-22The Interpretation Begins
- vv. 23-28The Fourth Beast and Final Triumph
Key Verses
“I beheld till the thrones were cast down, and the Ancient of days did sit, whose garment was white as snow, and the hair of his head like the pure wool: his throne was like the fiery flame, and his wheels as burning fire.”— 7:9
One of the Old Testament's most majestic theophanies, introducing the title 'Ancient of days' and providing imagery later echoed in Revelation 1's vision of the glorified Christ.
“I saw in the night visions, and, behold, one like the Son of man came with the clouds of heaven, and came to the Ancient of days, and they brought him near before him.”— 7:13
The seminal 'Son of man' prophecy that Jesus repeatedly applied to Himself, especially before the high priest in Mark 14:62, claiming divine authority and heavenly origin.
“And there was given him dominion, and glory, and a kingdom, that all people, nations, and languages, should serve him: his dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and his kingdom that which shall not be destroyed.”— 7:14
Foretells the universal, eternal reign of the Messiah, a cornerstone text for the doctrine of Christ's everlasting kingdom and the worship due Him from all peoples.
“And he shall speak great words against the most High, and shall wear out the saints of the most High, and think to change times and laws: and they shall be given into his hand until a time and times and the dividing of time.”— 7:25
Describes the blasphemous little horn whose persecution of the saints lasts 'time, times, and half a time'—a prophetic measure echoed in Revelation 12-13 concerning Antichrist.
People & Places
People
- Daniel — The exiled Jewish prophet who receives and records this night vision in Babylon.
- Belshazzar — King of Babylon during whose first regnal year Daniel had this dream.
- The Ancient of days — A majestic title for God Almighty seated in judgment upon a fiery throne.
- One like the Son of man — A heavenly figure brought before God to receive everlasting dominion—understood as the Messiah.
Prophecy & Fulfillment
Daniel 7 is one of Scripture's great prophetic visions, paralleling Nebuchadnezzar's image in chapter 2 with four successive empires symbolized by beasts, traditionally identified as Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece, and Rome. The 'Son of man' coming with clouds in verses 13-14 is directly claimed by Jesus in Matthew 26:64 and Mark 14:62, becoming His preferred self-designation throughout the Gospels. The little horn's war against the saints (vv. 21, 25) shapes the apocalyptic imagery of 2 Thessalonians 2 and Revelation 13. The everlasting kingdom given to the saints (v. 27) finds its consummation in Revelation 11:15 and 22:5.
Devotional
Daniel's vision unsettles before it comforts. He sees the brutal march of empires—beasts that devour, horns that boast—and his countenance changes. We know that disquiet. Headlines, illness, injustice; the world often looks beastly.
But the camera lifts. Thrones are set, the Ancient of days takes His seat, and One like the Son of man receives a kingdom that cannot be shaken. History is not running wild; it is running toward a throne.
When anxious thoughts trouble you as they troubled Daniel, keep the matter in your heart and remember: the saints possess the kingdom. The last word belongs to the Lamb.
Literary Style
Apocalyptic prophecy in Aramaic, blending first-person dream narrative with symbolic visions and angelic interpretation. The chapter employs vivid bestial imagery, throne-room theophany, and a structural pivot from earthly chaos to heavenly courtroom—a literary pattern foundational to later Jewish and Christian apocalyptic.