Chapter Text
The Second Journey to Egypt
And the famine was sore in the land.
2And it came to pass, when they had eaten up the corn which they had brought out of Egypt, their father said unto them, Go again, buy us a little food.
3And Judah spake unto him, saying, The man did solemnly protest unto us, saying, Ye shall not see my face, except your brother be with you.
4If thou wilt send our brother with us, we will go down and buy thee food:
5But if thou wilt not send him, we will not go down: for the man said unto us, Ye shall not see my face, except your brother be with you.
6And Israel said, Wherefore dealt ye so ill with me, as to tell the man whether ye had yet a brother?
7And they said, The man asked us straitly of our state, and of our kindred, saying, Is your father yet alive? have ye another brother? and we told him according to the tenor of these words: could we certainly know that he would say, Bring your brother down?
8And Judah said unto Israel his father, Send the lad with me, and we will arise and go; that we may live, and not die, both we, and thou, and also our little ones.
9I will be surety for him; of my hand shalt thou require him: if I bring him not unto thee, and set him before thee, then let me bear the blame for ever:
10For except we had lingered, surely now we had returned this second time.
11And their father Israel said unto them, If it must be so now, do this; take of the best fruits in the land in your vessels, and carry down the man a present, a little balm, and a little honey, spices, and myrrh, nuts, and almonds:
12And take double money in your hand; and the money that was brought again in the mouth of your sacks, carry it again in your hand; peradventure it was an oversight:
13Take also your brother, and arise, go again unto the man:
14And God Almighty give you mercy before the man, that he may send away your other brother, and Benjamin. If I be bereaved of my children, I am bereaved.
At Joseph's House
15And the men took that present, and they took double money in their hand, and Benjamin; and rose up, and went down to Egypt, and stood before Joseph.
16And when Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the ruler of his house, Bring these men home, and slay , and make ready; for these men shall dine with me at noon.
17And the man did as Joseph bade; and the man brought the men into Joseph's house.
18And the men were afraid, because they were brought into Joseph's house; and they said, Because of the money that was returned in our sacks at the first time are we brought in; that he may seek occasion against us, and fall upon us, and take us for bondmen, and our asses.
19And they came near to the steward of Joseph's house, and they communed with him at the door of the house,
20And said, O sir, we came indeed down at the first time to buy food:
21And it came to pass, when we came to the inn, that we opened our sacks, and, behold, every man's money was in the mouth of his sack, our money in full weight: and we have brought it again in our hand.
22And other money have we brought down in our hands to buy food: we cannot tell who put our money in our sacks.
23And he said, Peace be to you, fear not: your God, and the God of your father, hath given you treasure in your sacks: I had your money. And he brought Simeon out unto them.
24And the man brought the men into Joseph's house, and gave them water, and they washed their feet; and he gave their asses provender.
25And they made ready the present against Joseph came at noon: for they heard that they should eat bread there.
Joseph Sees Benjamin
26And when Joseph came home, they brought him the present which was in their hand into the house, and bowed themselves to him to the earth.
27And he asked them of their welfare, and said, Is your father well, the old man of whom ye spake? Is he yet alive?
28And they answered, Thy servant our father is in good health, he is yet alive. And they bowed down their heads, and made obeisance.
29And he lifted up his eyes, and saw his brother Benjamin, his mother's son, and said, Is this your younger brother, of whom ye spake unto me? And he said, God be gracious unto thee, my son.
30And Joseph made haste; for his bowels did yearn upon his brother: and he sought where to weep; and he entered into his chamber, and wept there.
31And he washed his face, and went out, and refrained himself, and said, Set on bread.
32And they set on for him by himself, and for them by themselves, and for the Egyptians, which did eat with him, by themselves: because the Egyptians might not eat bread with the Hebrews; for that is an abomination unto the Egyptians.
33And they sat before him, the firstborn according to his birthright, and the youngest according to his youth: and the men marvelled one at another.
34And he took and sent messes unto them from before him: but Benjamin's mess was five times so much as any of theirs. And they drank, and were merry with him.
Summary
The famine worsens, and Jacob's family exhausts their grain. Judah persuades Jacob to send Benjamin by personally guaranteeing his safety. The brothers return to Egypt with double money, gifts, and Benjamin. Joseph sees Benjamin, orders a feast prepared, and invites them to his house. The brothers fear a trap over the returned money and explain the situation to the steward, who reassures them and brings out Simeon. Joseph arrives, receives their gifts, and is overcome with emotion upon seeing Benjamin. They feast together, with Benjamin receiving five times the portions of the others.
Meaning
Judah's transformation is the chapter's moral center. The man who once sold Joseph for profit now pledges his own life as surety for Benjamin. His willingness to stand as guarantor reveals genuine repentance and selfless love—a dramatic reversal from chapter 37.
Joseph's struggle to contain his emotions reveals that his tests are as painful for him as for his brothers. He weeps privately, maintaining the disguise until the final test is complete. The feast with its preferential treatment of Benjamin tests whether the brothers will resent favoritism, the very sin that triggered the original betrayal.
Background
The gifts Jacob sends—balm, honey, spices, myrrh, nuts, almonds—represent Canaan's finest products, none of which could substitute for Egyptian grain. The double money reflects ancient Near Eastern commercial ethics regarding honest dealing.
The seating arrangement "according to their birth order" astonishes the brothers, as an Egyptian official would have no natural way of knowing this. Joseph's inside knowledge heightens the narrative tension.
Chapter Outline
- vv. 1-2Famine forces a return to Egypt
- vv. 3-10Judah pledges surety for Benjamin
- vv. 11-14Jacob reluctantly consents and prays
- vv. 15-18The brothers arrive and fear Joseph's intentions
- vv. 19-25The steward reassures them and releases Simeon
- vv. 26-31Joseph sees Benjamin and weeps privately
- vv. 32-34The feast with favored portions for Benjamin
Key Verses
“I will be surety for him; of my hand shalt thou require him: if I bring him not unto thee, and set him before thee, then let me bear the blame for ever:”— 43:9
Judah's pledge of surety for Benjamin marks a profound transformation from the brother who once sold Joseph. This personal guarantee foreshadows Judah's greater intercession in chapter 44 and prefigures Christ's substitutionary role.
“And God Almighty give you mercy before the man, that he may send away your other brother, and Benjamin. If I be bereaved of my children, I am bereaved.”— 43:14
Jacob's invocation of El Shaddai reflects a hard-won surrender to God's sovereignty. His resignation — 'If I be bereaved, I am bereaved' — echoes the yielded faith of Job and marks a turning point in the patriarch's spiritual journey.
“And Joseph made haste; for his bowels did yearn upon his brother: and he sought where to weep; and he entered into his chamber, and wept there.”— 43:30
Joseph's private weeping at the sight of Benjamin reveals the depth of familial love beneath his official composure. This is one of several weeping episodes that punctuate the Joseph narrative, underscoring the emotional cost of providential suffering.
People & Places
People
- Jacob/Israel — The aged patriarch, reluctant to release Benjamin but ultimately surrendering the matter to God Almighty.
- Judah — Fourth son of Jacob who steps forward as spokesman and surety for Benjamin's safe return.
- Benjamin — Jacob's youngest son and Joseph's full brother by Rachel, the focal point of both Jacob's anxiety and Joseph's longing.
- Joseph — Egypt's governor who, still unrecognized by his brothers, is deeply moved upon seeing Benjamin.
- Simeon — Jacob's son held as a hostage in Egypt, released to his brothers upon Benjamin's arrival.
Places
- Egypt — The land where Joseph governs and where the brothers must return to purchase grain during the famine.
- Canaan — The famine-stricken homeland where Jacob and his family reside.
Prophecy & Fulfillment
Judah's emergence as surety and intercessor (v. 9) anticipates the preeminence of the tribe of Judah, from which the Messiah would descend (Genesis 49:10). His willingness to bear the blame foreshadows the substitutionary nature of Christ's atonement. Additionally, the brothers bowing before Joseph (v. 26) continues the fulfillment of Joseph's early dreams (Genesis 37:7–9), confirming God's sovereign orchestration of events even through human sin and suffering.
Devotional
Judah's transformation in this chapter is quietly remarkable. The man who once proposed selling his brother into slavery now stakes his own future on Benjamin's safety. This is what repentance looks like in practice — not merely regretting the past but accepting costly responsibility in the present.
Jacob's prayer in verse 14 models a faith that has learned to hold outcomes loosely: doing what wisdom requires, then releasing the result to God Almighty. Sometimes faithfulness means acting despite uncertainty, trusting that God's mercy operates even in circumstances we cannot control.
Literary Style
Narrative prose with sustained dramatic tension. The chapter employs dialogue-driven pacing — Jacob's reluctance, Judah's persuasion, the brothers' anxious explanation to the steward — building toward the emotional climax of Joseph's private weeping. The seating arrangement and Benjamin's fivefold portion create narrative suspense and foreshadow the coming test.