Chapter Text
By Faith
Now faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen.
2For by it the elders obtained a good report.
3Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God, so that things which are seen were not made of things which do appear.
Faith from Abel to Noah
4By faith Abel offered unto God a more excellent sacrifice than Cain, by which he obtained witness that he was righteous, God testifying of his gifts: and by it he being dead yet speaketh .
5By faith Enoch was translated that he should not see death; and was not found, because God had translated him: for before his translation he had this testimony, that he pleased God.
6But without faith it is impossible to please him: for he that cometh to God must believe that he is, and that he is a rewarder of them that diligently seek him.
7By faith Noah, being warned of God of things not seen as yet, moved with fear, prepared an ark to the saving of his house; by the which he condemned the world, and became heir of the righteousness which is by faith.
The Faith of Abraham
8By faith Abraham, when he was called to go out into a place which he should after receive for an inheritance, obeyed; and he went out, not knowing whither he went.
9By faith he sojourned in the land of promise, as in a strange country, dwelling in tabernacles with Isaac and Jacob, the heirs with him of the same promise:
10For he looked for a city which hath foundations, whose builder and maker is God.
11Through faith also Sara herself received strength to conceive seed, and was delivered of a child when she was past age , because she judged him faithful who had promised.
12Therefore sprang there even of one, and him as good as dead, so many as the stars of the sky in multitude, and as the sand which is by the sea shore innumerable.
13These all died in faith, not having received the promises, but having seen them afar off, and were persuaded of them, and embraced them, and confessed that they were strangers and pilgrims on the earth.
14For they that say such things declare plainly that they seek a country.
15And truly, if they had been mindful of that country from whence they came out, they might have had opportunity to have returned.
16But now they desire a better country, that is, an heavenly: wherefore God is not ashamed to be called their God: for he hath prepared for them a city.
17By faith Abraham, when he was tried, offered up Isaac: and he that had received the promises offered up his only begotten son,
18Of whom it was said, That in Isaac shall thy seed be called:
19Accounting that God was able to raise him up, even from the dead; from whence also he received him in a figure.
The Faith of Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph
20By faith Isaac blessed Jacob and Esau concerning things to come.
21By faith Jacob, when he was a dying, blessed both the sons of Joseph; and worshipped, leaning upon the top of his staff.
22By faith Joseph, when he died, made mention of the departing of the children of Israel; and gave commandment concerning his bones.
The Faith of Moses
23By faith Moses, when he was born, was hid three months of his parents, because they saw he was a proper child; and they were not afraid of the king's commandment.
24By faith Moses, when he was come to years, refused to be called the son of Pharaoh's daughter;
25Choosing rather to suffer affliction with the people of God, than to enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season;
26Esteeming the reproach of Christ greater riches than the treasures in Egypt: for he had respect unto the recompence of the reward.
27By faith he forsook Egypt, not fearing the wrath of the king: for he endured, as seeing him who is invisible.
28Through faith he kept the passover, and the sprinkling of blood, lest he that destroyed the firstborn should touch them.
29By faith they passed through the Red sea as by dry land: which the Egyptians assaying to do were drowned.
30By faith the walls of Jericho fell down, after they were compassed about seven days.
31By faith the harlot Rahab perished not with them that believed not, when she had received the spies with peace.
The Judges, Kings, and Prophets
32And what shall I more say? for the time would fail me to tell of Gedeon, and of Barak, and of Samson, and of Jephthae; of David also, and Samuel, and of the prophets:
33Who through faith subdued kingdoms, wrought righteousness, obtained promises, stopped the mouths of lions,
34Quenched the violence of fire, escaped the edge of the sword, out of weakness were made strong, waxed valiant in fight, turned to flight the armies of the aliens.
35Women received their dead raised to life again : and others were tortured, not accepting deliverance; that they might obtain a better resurrection:
36And others had trial of cruel mockings and scourgings, yea, moreover of bonds and imprisonment:
37They were stoned, they were sawn asunder, were tempted, were slain with the sword : they wandered about in sheepskins and goatskins ; being destitute, afflicted, tormented;
38(Of whom the world was not worthy:) they wandered in deserts, and in mountains, and in dens and caves of the earth.
39And these all, having obtained a good report through faith, received not the promise:
40God having provided some better thing for us, that they without us should not be made perfect.
Summary
The author presents the great roll call of faith, defining faith as the substance of things hoped for and the evidence of things not seen. By faith Abel offered, Enoch was translated, Noah built the ark, Abraham obeyed and sojourned, Sarah conceived, Moses refused Egypt's pleasures, and Israel crossed the Red Sea. These all died in faith without receiving the promise, looking for a heavenly city whose builder is God.
Meaning
This chapter demonstrates that faith has always been the means by which God's people pleased Him and received His promises. From creation to the conquest, every act of obedience was rooted in trust that God would fulfill His word, even when the fulfillment lay beyond the horizon of earthly life.
The heroes of faith are not presented as superhuman figures but as ordinary people who trusted an extraordinary God. Their faith was expressed in obedience that often defied human logic and required enduring suffering, rejection, and death. They are witnesses who testify that God's promises are worth more than anything this world can offer.
Background
The literary form of this chapter resembles Jewish praise lists that celebrated the heroes of Israel's history. However, the author's emphasis on faith as the unifying characteristic sets this apart. The reference to those who were sawn asunder may allude to the Jewish tradition that the prophet Isaiah was martyred in this manner under King Manasseh.
Chapter Outline
- vv. 1-3The Definition and Power of Faith
- vv. 4-7Faith Before the Flood: Abel, Enoch, Noah
- vv. 8-19The Faith of Abraham and Sara
- vv. 20-22The Patriarchs Bless and Look Ahead
- vv. 23-29The Faith of Moses and the Exodus
- vv. 30-31Jericho and Rahab
- vv. 32-38A Cloud of Witnesses: Triumph and Suffering
- vv. 39-40Better Things Reserved for Us
Key Verses
“Now faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen.”— 11:1
The Bible's most celebrated definition of faith, framing it as both substantive ground and evidential certainty. This verse anchors all Christian teaching on belief in unseen realities.
“But without faith it is impossible to please him: for he that cometh to God must believe that he is, and that he is a rewarder of them that diligently seek him.”— 11:6
Establishes faith as the indispensable prerequisite for relationship with God, naming its two essential objects: God's existence and His rewarding character.
“For he looked for a city which hath foundations, whose builder and maker is God.”— 11:10
Captures the pilgrim theology threading through the chapter — that the faithful live as strangers seeking an eternal homeland rather than earthly permanence.
“These all died in faith, not having received the promises, but having seen them afar off, and were persuaded of them, and embraced them, and confessed that they were strangers and pilgrims on the earth.”— 11:13
A summary statement defining the patriarchal posture of faith — trusting promises beyond one's own lifetime and embracing earthly transience for heavenly inheritance.
People & Places
People
- Abel — Adam's son whose more excellent sacrifice testified to his righteousness.
- Cain — Abel's brother, whose offering is contrasted as inferior.
- Enoch — Antediluvian patriarch translated to heaven without seeing death.
- Noah — Builder of the ark who, warned of unseen judgment, saved his household.
- Abraham — Patriarch who obeyed God's call and sojourned as a stranger in the land of promise.
- Sara — Abraham's wife who by faith received strength to conceive Isaac past natural age.
- Isaac — Abraham's son of promise, offered on the altar and later blessing his own sons.
- Jacob — Isaac's son who, dying, blessed Joseph's sons while leaning on his staff.
- Joseph — Patriarch who at death foretold the Exodus and gave commandment concerning his bones.
- Moses — Lawgiver who refused Egyptian privilege to suffer with God's people and led the Passover and Red Sea deliverance.
- Pharaoh's daughter — Egyptian princess whose adopted son Moses refused her royal identity.
- Rahab — Harlot of Jericho who by faith received the Israelite spies and was spared destruction.
- Gedeon — Judge of Israel listed among the heroes of faith.
- Barak — Israelite commander who defeated Sisera under Deborah's leadership.
- Samson — Nazirite judge known for divinely granted strength.
- Jephthae — Judge of Israel who delivered his people from the Ammonites.
- David — Shepherd-king of Israel cited among those who through faith subdued kingdoms.
- Samuel — Prophet and last of the judges who anointed Israel's first kings.
Places
- Land of Promise — Canaan, where Abraham sojourned as in a strange country awaiting fulfillment.
- Egypt — Land of bondage whose treasures Moses esteemed less than the reproach of Christ.
- Red Sea — Body of water Israel crossed on dry ground while the Egyptians drowned.
- Jericho — Fortified Canaanite city whose walls fell after seven days of encirclement.
Prophecy & Fulfillment
The chapter is steeped in typology and forward-looking faith. Verse 19 frames Isaac's near-sacrifice and return as a 'figure' of resurrection, prefiguring Christ's death and rising. Verse 26 strikingly says Moses esteemed 'the reproach of Christ' greater than Egypt's treasures, identifying messianic suffering as already operative in the patriarchal era. Verses 39-40 declare that the ancients did not receive the promise in their lifetimes because God reserved a 'better thing' — fulfillment in Christ that unites the saints of both covenants in one perfected community.
Devotional
Faith is not wishful thinking but a confident grip on realities we cannot yet see. This chapter parades a long line of ordinary, flawed people who staked their lives on God's word — and were called His friends for it.
Notice how varied their stories are. Some saw walls fall and seas part; others were sawn asunder and wandered in caves. Faith is not measured by outcomes but by faithfulness. Whatever season you face, you walk in the company of pilgrims who trusted God beyond what they could see, and found Him faithful.
Literary Style
Hortatory epistle shifting into a sustained encomium or 'hall of faith' catalogue. The passage uses anaphora — the repeated formula 'By faith' — to build rhetorical momentum, culminating in a rapid-fire list of unnamed sufferers and a theological coda binding old and new covenant saints together.