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Isaiah 40

Chapter Text

Comfort for God's People

The Greatness of God

They Who Wait upon the LORD

Summary

Isaiah brings words of comfort: 'Comfort ye, comfort ye my people, saith your God.' Jerusalem's warfare is accomplished, her iniquity is pardoned. A voice cries in the wilderness to prepare the way of the Lord and make straight a highway. Every valley shall be exalted, every mountain made low. The glory of the Lord shall be revealed. All flesh is grass that withers, but the word of our God shall stand forever. Behold your God! He tends His flock like a shepherd, gently carrying the lambs.

Meaning

This chapter opens the great section of comfort and redemption in Isaiah, shifting decisively from judgment to hope. The voice in the wilderness is identified in all four Gospels as John the Baptist, preparing the way for Christ. The Messiah comes as both the revealed glory of God and the gentle shepherd.

The contrast between the frailty of human flesh and the permanence of God's word establishes the foundation for all hope. Every human achievement fades, but the promises of God endure forever, and upon them the faithful may rest with complete assurance.

Background

Chapters 40 through 66 are often called the 'Book of Comfort,' addressing the exiles in Babylon and beyond. The prophetic perspective shifts to a future beyond judgment, offering hope of restoration and the coming of the Servant of the Lord.

The imagery of highway construction through wilderness terrain reflects the royal road-building practices of ancient Near Eastern empires, where paths were leveled and straightened for the procession of a king.

Chapter Outline

  1. vv. 1-2Comfort proclaimed to Jerusalem
  2. vv. 3-5The voice in the wilderness
  3. vv. 6-8Frail flesh and the enduring word
  4. vv. 9-11Behold your God, the Shepherd-King
  5. vv. 12-17The incomparable Creator and the nations
  6. vv. 18-26No idol can be likened to God
  7. vv. 27-31Strength for those who wait

Key Verses

The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the LORD, make straight in the desert a highway for our God.40:3

Quoted in all four Gospels as fulfilled by John the Baptist, this verse announces the herald who prepares Israel for the coming of the Messiah.

The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: but the word of our God shall stand for ever.40:8

A foundational text on the eternal authority and permanence of Scripture, contrasting human frailty with divine reliability. Cited by Peter in 1 Peter 1:24-25.

He shall feed his flock like a shepherd: he shall gather the lambs with his arm, and carry them in his bosom, and shall gently lead those that are with young.40:11

One of the tenderest portraits of God in the Old Testament, anticipating Christ's self-revelation as the Good Shepherd in John 10.

But they that wait upon the LORD shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles; they shall run, and not be weary; and they shall walk, and not faint.40:31

Among the most beloved promises in Scripture, assuring the weary believer that strength comes through patient trust in the everlasting God.

People & Places

People

  • JacobThe patriarch whose name represents the covenant people Israel, here addressed in their discouragement.
  • IsraelThe covenant nation, called to remember the LORD's incomparable greatness and faithful care.

Places

  • JerusalemThe covenant city of Zion, addressed with comfort that her warfare is accomplished and her iniquity pardoned.
  • ZionPoetic name for Jerusalem, summoned as a herald of good tidings to the cities of Judah.
  • JudahThe southern kingdom whose cities are told to behold their God returning in power.
  • LebanonRegion famed for its cedar forests and abundant beasts, here said to be insufficient for a worthy offering to God.

Prophecy & Fulfillment

Verses 3-5 are explicitly applied to John the Baptist in Matthew 3:3, Mark 1:3, Luke 3:4-6, and John 1:23, identifying him as the wilderness voice preparing the way for Christ. Verse 9's command to herald 'Behold your God!' anticipates the incarnation, while verses 10-11 prefigure the Messiah as both the conquering Lord and the gentle Shepherd, themes Jesus claims in John 10. The chapter opens Isaiah's second major section (40-66), often called the Book of Comfort, foreseeing both return from exile and the greater redemption in Christ.

Devotional

Isaiah 40 speaks to anyone who feels small, weary, or forgotten. It begins with comfort and ends with eagles' wings, reminding us that the God who measures oceans in his palm also gathers lambs in his arms. The same hand that flung stars into space knows your name and your exhaustion.

When circumstances feel overwhelming and your strength gives out, the answer is not to try harder but to wait upon the LORD. Waiting is not passivity; it is trust that exchanges our frailty for his everlasting power. The grass withers, but his word, and his care for you, endures forever.

Literary Style

Hebrew prophetic poetry marked by rich parallelism, rhetorical questions, and vivid imagery drawn from creation, shepherding, and royal heraldry. The chapter opens the 'Book of Comfort' (Isaiah 40-66) and unfolds as a courtroom-style argument for God's incomparable majesty, climaxing in soaring lyrical assurance.