Chapter Text
A Levite and His Concubine
And it came to pass in those days, when there was no king in Israel, that there was a certain Levite sojourning on the side of mount Ephraim, who took to him a concubine out of Bethlehemjudah .
2And his concubine played the whore against him, and went away from him unto her father's house to Bethlehemjudah , and was there four whole months .
3And her husband arose, and went after her, to speak friendly unto her, and to bring her again, having his servant with him, and a couple of asses: and she brought him into her father's house: and when the father of the damsel saw him, he rejoiced to meet him.
4And his father in law, the damsel's father, retained him; and he abode with him three days: so they did eat and drink, and lodged there.
5And it came to pass on the fourth day, when they arose early in the morning, that he rose up to depart: and the damsel's father said unto his son in law, Comfort thine heart with a morsel of bread, and afterward go your way.
6And they sat down, and did eat and drink both of them together: for the damsel's father had said unto the man, Be content, I pray thee, and tarry all night, and let thine heart be merry.
7And when the man rose up to depart, his father in law urged him: therefore he lodged there again.
8And he arose early in the morning on the fifth day to depart: and the damsel's father said, Comfort thine heart, I pray thee. And they tarried until afternoon , and they did eat both of them.
9And when the man rose up to depart, he, and his concubine, and his servant, his father in law, the damsel's father, said unto him, Behold, now the day draweth toward evening, I pray you tarry all night: behold, the day groweth to an end, lodge here, that thine heart may be merry; and to morrow get you early on your way, that thou mayest go home.
10But the man would not tarry that night, but he rose up and departed, and came over against Jebus, which is Jerusalem; and there were with him two asses saddled, his concubine also was with him.
11And when they were by Jebus, the day was far spent; and the servant said unto his master, Come, I pray thee, and let us turn in into this city of the Jebusites, and lodge in it.
12And his master said unto him, We will not turn aside hither into the city of a stranger, that is not of the children of Israel; we will pass over to Gibeah.
13And he said unto his servant, Come, and let us draw near to one of these places to lodge all night, in Gibeah, or in Ramah.
The Night at Gibeah
14And they passed on and went their way; and the sun went down upon them when they were by Gibeah, which belongeth to Benjamin.
15And they turned aside thither, to go in and to lodge in Gibeah: and when he went in, he sat him down in a street of the city: for there was no man that took them into his house to lodging.
16And, behold, there came an old man from his work out of the field at even, which was also of mount Ephraim; and he sojourned in Gibeah: but the men of the place were Benjamites.
17And when he had lifted up his eyes, he saw a wayfaring man in the street of the city: and the old man said, Whither goest thou? and whence comest thou?
18And he said unto him, We are passing from Bethlehemjudah toward the side of mount Ephraim; from thence am I: and I went to Bethlehemjudah , but I am now going to the house of the LORD; and there is no man that receiveth me to house.
19Yet there is both straw and provender for our asses; and there is bread and wine also for me, and for thy handmaid, and for the young man which is with thy servants: there is no want of any thing.
20And the old man said, Peace be with thee; howsoever let all thy wants lie upon me; only lodge not in the street.
21So he brought him into his house, and gave provender unto the asses: and they washed their feet, and did eat and drink.
The Crime of the Benjamites
22Now as they were making their hearts merry, behold, the men of the city, certain sons of Belial, beset the house round about, and beat at the door, and spake to the master of the house, the old man, saying, Bring forth the man that came into thine house, that we may know him.
23And the man, the master of the house, went out unto them, and said unto them, Nay, my brethren, nay, I pray you, do not so wickedly; seeing that this man is come into mine house, do not this folly.
24Behold, here is my daughter a maiden, and his concubine; them I will bring out now, and humble ye them, and do with them what seemeth good unto you: but unto this man do not so vile a thing.
25But the men would not hearken to him: so the man took his concubine, and brought her forth unto them; and they knew her, and abused her all the night until the morning: and when the day began to spring, they let her go.
26Then came the woman in the dawning of the day, and fell down at the door of the man's house where her lord was, till it was light.
27And her lord rose up in the morning, and opened the doors of the house, and went out to go his way: and, behold, the woman his concubine was fallen down at the door of the house, and her hands were upon the threshold.
28And he said unto her, Up, and let us be going. But none answered. Then the man took her up upon an ass, and the man rose up, and gat him unto his place.
29And when he was come into his house, he took a knife, and laid hold on his concubine, and divided her, together with her bones, into twelve pieces, and sent her into all the coasts of Israel.
30And it was so, that all that saw it said, There was no such deed done nor seen from the day that the children of Israel came up out of the land of Egypt unto this day: consider of it, take advice, and speak your minds.
Summary
Samson returns to find his wife given to another man. In anger, he catches three hundred foxes, ties firebrands to their tails, and burns the Philistines' grain fields. The Philistines retaliate by burning his wife and her father. Samson strikes them with a great slaughter, then retreats to a rock in Etam. Judah binds him to hand him over, but Samson breaks free and slays a thousand Philistines with a jawbone.
Meaning
The escalating cycle of revenge between Samson and the Philistines illustrates how personal vendettas spiral beyond control. Yet God uses even this chaos to weaken Philistine power.
Samson's cry of thirst after the battle at Lehi reveals his dependence on God despite his reckless independence. God graciously provides water, sustaining His flawed but chosen instrument.
Background
The men of Judah binding their own deliverer reveals how deeply the Philistine dominance had demoralized Israel. They feared Philistine retaliation more than they valued freedom.
Lehi, meaning 'jawbone,' was named after Samson's weapon. The spring God opened there, En-hakkore, meaning 'spring of him who called,' commemorated Samson's desperate prayer.
Chapter Outline
- vv. 1-2The Levite and his unfaithful concubine
- vv. 3-9Extended hospitality in Bethlehem-judah
- vv. 10-15The fateful journey to Gibeah
- vv. 16-21An old man's hospitality amid civic apathy
- vv. 22-26The atrocity at Gibeah
- vv. 27-29The Levite's grim response
- vv. 30Israel's collective horror and call to action
Key Verses
“And it came to pass in those days, when there was no king in Israel, that there was a certain Levite sojourning on the side of mount Ephraim, who took to him a concubine out of Bethlehemjudah.”— 19:1
This refrain — 'there was no king in Israel' — frames the entire closing section of Judges, establishing the theological thesis that moral anarchy follows when God's people lack faithful leadership and each person does what is right in their own eyes.
“Now as they were making their hearts merry, behold, the men of the city, certain sons of Belial, beset the house round about, and beat at the door, and spake to the master of the house, the old man, saying, Bring forth the man that came into thine house, that we may know him.”— 19:22
The deliberate echo of Genesis 19 and the sin of Sodom is unmistakable. That such depravity now occurs within Israel itself — among the tribe of Benjamin — reveals how deeply the covenant people have fallen into Canaanite wickedness.
“And it was so, that all that saw it said, There was no such deed done nor seen from the day that the children of Israel came up out of the land of Egypt unto this day: consider of it, take advice, and speak your minds.”— 19:30
This verse captures the collective horror of Israel and serves as the catalyst for the intertribal war of chapters 20–21. The call to 'consider, take advice, and speak' frames the atrocity as a crisis demanding national response.
People & Places
People
- The Levite — An unnamed Levite from mount Ephraim whose journey to recover his concubine sets the tragic narrative in motion.
- The concubine — The Levite's secondary wife from Bethlehem-judah, whose abuse and death become the catalyst for civil war in Israel.
- The father-in-law — The concubine's father in Bethlehem-judah, who repeatedly delays the Levite's departure through extended hospitality.
- The old man of Gibeah — An Ephraimite sojourner in Gibeah who alone offers hospitality to the traveling Levite, warning him not to lodge in the street.
- The sons of Belial — Wicked men of Gibeah whose demand to sexually assault the Levite guest mirrors the sin of Sodom in Genesis 19.
Places
- Bethlehem-judah — The concubine's hometown in the territory of Judah, where the Levite journeys to reconcile with her.
- Mount Ephraim — The hill country region where the Levite resides, in the central highlands of Israel.
- Jebus (Jerusalem) — A Jebusite-held city the Levite deliberately bypasses, choosing instead to seek lodging among fellow Israelites — a decision with devastating irony.
- Gibeah — A city in Benjamin's territory where the atrocity occurs; its wickedness rivals Sodom and provokes the near-destruction of an entire tribe.
- Ramah — A nearby city mentioned as an alternative lodging destination, which the travelers fail to reach before nightfall.
Prophecy & Fulfillment
While Judges 19 contains no direct messianic prophecy, it powerfully illustrates the need for a righteous king — a theme that runs through Judges toward its fulfillment in David and ultimately in Christ. The refrain 'there was no king in Israel' (v. 1) points forward to God's provision of kingship and, typologically, to the perfect reign of the Messiah who brings justice where human governance fails. Hosea 9:9 and 10:9 later reference the 'days of Gibeah' as a byword for Israel's deepest corruption, showing this event's lasting prophetic significance.
Devotional
Judges 19 is among the most disturbing chapters in Scripture, and its horror is deliberate. It forces us to see where a society arrives when 'there is no king' — when moral authority is absent and everyone follows their own judgment.
The repeated delays in Bethlehem seem harmless, yet the late departure leads directly to catastrophe. Small decisions — lingering too long, choosing the wrong stopping place — can have consequences beyond what we imagine.
This chapter also confronts us with the sin of indifference. No one in Gibeah offered hospitality except one outsider. When communities fail to protect the vulnerable, evil fills the void. Let it stir us to be people who act with courage and compassion where others look away.
Literary Style
Judges 19 is dark narrative prose structured as a tragic travelogue. The author employs deliberate literary parallels to the Sodom account in Genesis 19, inviting readers to recognize that Israel has become as wicked as the cities God destroyed. The extended hospitality scene in Bethlehem uses repetition and delay to build narrative tension, while the stark, unadorned description of the concubine's fate achieves devastating understatement.