Chapter Text
The Birth of Jesus
And it came to pass in those days, that there went out a decree from Caesar Augustus, that all the world should be taxed.
2( And this taxing was first made when Cyrenius was governor of Syria.)
3And all went to be taxed, every one into his own city.
4And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judaea, unto the city of David, which is called Bethlehem; (because he was of the house and lineage of David:)
5To be taxed with Mary his espoused wife, being great with child.
6And so it was, that, while they were there, the days were accomplished that she should be delivered.
7And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room for them in the inn.
The Shepherds and the Angels
8And there were in the same country shepherds abiding in the field, keeping watch over their flock by night.
9And, lo, the angel of the Lord came upon them, and the glory of the Lord shone round about them: and they were sore afraid .
10And the angel said unto them, Fear not: for, behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people.
11For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord.
12And this shall be a sign unto you; Ye shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger.
13And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God, and saying,
14Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men.
15And it came to pass, as the angels were gone away from them into heaven, the shepherds said one to another, Let us now go even unto Bethlehem, and see this thing which is come to pass, which the Lord hath made known unto us.
16And they came with haste, and found Mary, and Joseph, and the babe lying in a manger.
17And when they had seen it, they made known abroad the saying which was told them concerning this child.
18And all they that heard it wondered at those things which were told them by the shepherds.
19But Mary kept all these things , and pondered them in her heart.
20And the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all the things that they had heard and seen, as it was told unto them.
Jesus Presented in the Temple
21And when eight days were accomplished for the circumcising of the child, his name was called JESUS, which was so named of the angel before he was conceived in the womb.
22And when the days of her purification according to the law of Moses were accomplished, they brought him to Jerusalem, to present him to the Lord;
23(As it is written in the law of the Lord, Every male that openeth the womb shall be called holy to the Lord;)
24And to offer a sacrifice according to that which is said in the law of the Lord, A pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons.
25And, behold, there was a man in Jerusalem, whose name was Simeon; and the same man was just and devout, waiting for the consolation of Israel: and the Holy Ghost was upon him.
26And it was revealed unto him by the Holy Ghost, that he should not see death, before he had seen the Lord's Christ.
27And he came by the Spirit into the temple: and when the parents brought in the child Jesus, to do for him after the custom of the law,
28Then took he him up in his arms, and blessed God, and said,
29Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace, according to thy word:
30For mine eyes have seen thy salvation,
31Which thou hast prepared before the face of all people;
32A light to lighten the Gentiles, and the glory of thy people Israel.
33And Joseph and his mother marvelled at those things which were spoken of him.
34And Simeon blessed them, and said unto Mary his mother, Behold, this child is set for the fall and rising again of many in Israel; and for a sign which shall be spoken against;
35(Yea, a sword shall pierce through thy own soul also,) that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed.
36And there was one Anna, a prophetess, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Aser: she was of a great age , and had lived with an husband seven years from her virginity;
37And she was a widow of about fourscore and four years, which departed not from the temple, but served God with fastings and prayers night and day.
38And she coming in that instant gave thanks likewise unto the Lord, and spake of him to all them that looked for redemption in Jerusalem.
39And when they had performed all things according to the law of the Lord, they returned into Galilee, to their own city Nazareth.
40And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, filled with wisdom: and the grace of God was upon him.
The Boy Jesus at the Temple
41Now his parents went to Jerusalem every year at the feast of the passover.
42And when he was twelve years old, they went up to Jerusalem after the custom of the feast.
43And when they had fulfilled the days, as they returned, the child Jesus tarried behind in Jerusalem; and Joseph and his mother knew not of it.
44But they, supposing him to have been in the company, went a day's journey; and they sought him among their kinsfolk and acquaintance.
45And when they found him not, they turned back again to Jerusalem, seeking him.
46And it came to pass, that after three days they found him in the temple, sitting in the midst of the doctors, both hearing them, and asking them questions.
47And all that heard him were astonished at his understanding and answers.
48And when they saw him, they were amazed: and his mother said unto him, Son, why hast thou thus dealt with us? behold, thy father and I have sought thee sorrowing.
49And he said unto them, How is it that ye sought me? wist ye not that I must be about my Father's business?
50And they understood not the saying which he spake unto them.
51And he went down with them, and came to Nazareth, and was subject unto them: but his mother kept all these sayings in her heart.
52And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in favour with God and man.
Summary
Caesar Augustus decrees a census that brings Joseph and Mary to Bethlehem, where Jesus is born and laid in a manger because there is no room at the inn. Angels announce the birth to shepherds in the fields, proclaiming glory to God in the highest and peace on earth.
The shepherds visit the newborn child and spread the word of what they have seen. Jesus is circumcised on the eighth day and presented at the temple, where the aged Simeon and the prophetess Anna recognize Him as God's salvation. The family returns to Nazareth. At age twelve, Jesus is found in the temple, engaged with the teachers.
Meaning
The birth narrative reveals God's pattern of working through the humble and overlooked. The King of kings is born not in a palace but in a stable, announced not to dignitaries but to shepherds. The manger becomes a sign that divine glory is hidden in lowliness.
Simeon's prophecy that a sword would pierce Mary's soul foreshadows the suffering that will accompany the salvation Jesus brings. His declaration that the child is set for the fall and rising of many in Israel establishes that Jesus will be a dividing figure. The twelve-year-old Jesus in the temple reveals His awareness of His unique relationship with the Father.
Background
The census under Caesar Augustus can be dated to approximately 6-4 BC, placing the birth of Jesus before the commonly used calendar calculation. Bethlehem was the city of David, fulfilling the prophecy of Micah 5:2.
Shepherds were regarded as socially marginal in first-century Jewish society, yet God chose them as the first recipients of the birth announcement. The presentation at the temple followed the requirements of Leviticus 12 and Exodus 13.
Chapter Outline
- vv. 1-7The birth of Jesus in Bethlehem
- vv. 8-14Angels announce good tidings to shepherds
- vv. 15-20The shepherds visit and proclaim
- vv. 21-24Circumcision and presentation at the temple
- vv. 25-35Simeon's prophecy and Nunc Dimittis
- vv. 36-40Anna the prophetess and return to Nazareth
- vv. 41-52The boy Jesus in his Father's house
Key Verses
“For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord.”— 2:11
The angelic announcement to the shepherds is the gospel in miniature, declaring Jesus' threefold identity as Saviour, Messiah (Christ), and Lord. It anchors the incarnation in the Davidic covenant by locating his birth in Bethlehem.
“Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men.”— 2:14
The doxology of the heavenly host has shaped Christian worship for two millennia, forming the basis of the Gloria in Excelsis. It links divine glory with the peace Christ brings to humanity.
“A light to lighten the Gentiles, and the glory of thy people Israel.”— 2:32
Simeon's Nunc Dimittis declares that salvation in Christ extends beyond Israel to all nations, fulfilling Isaiah's vision of a light to the Gentiles. It is one of Luke's earliest signals of the gospel's universal scope.
“And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in favour with God and man.”— 2:52
This summary verse affirms the full humanity of Christ, who genuinely grew and developed. It echoes the description of the boy Samuel (1 Sam 2:26) and frames Jesus as the true faithful Israelite.
People & Places
People
- Caesar Augustus — Roman emperor whose tax decree providentially brings Joseph and Mary to Bethlehem.
- Cyrenius (Quirinius) — Roman governor of Syria during the enrollment that prompted the journey to Bethlehem.
- Joseph — Mary's espoused husband, of the lineage of David, who shelters and names the child.
- Mary — The mother of Jesus, who treasures and ponders these events in her heart.
- Jesus — The newborn Saviour, called Christ the Lord, circumcised and presented in the temple.
- Simeon — A just and devout man in Jerusalem promised he would not die before seeing the Lord's Christ.
- Anna — An aged prophetess of the tribe of Asher who served God in the temple and proclaimed the child to those awaiting redemption.
- Phanuel — Father of Anna the prophetess, of the tribe of Asher.
Places
- Nazareth — The Galilean town where Joseph and Mary lived and to which the holy family returned.
- Bethlehem — The city of David in Judaea, prophesied birthplace of the Messiah.
- Judaea — The southern region of Israel containing Bethlehem and Jerusalem.
- Galilee — The northern region of Israel from which Joseph and Mary journeyed.
- Jerusalem — The holy city where Jesus was presented at the temple and later astonished the doctors.
- The Temple — The Jerusalem sanctuary where Simeon, Anna, and later the boy Jesus encountered him.
Prophecy & Fulfillment
Luke saturates this chapter with prophetic fulfillment. Jesus' birth in Bethlehem (vv. 4-7) fulfills Micah 5:2, which named the city of David as the Messiah's birthplace. Simeon's song (vv. 30-32) draws directly from Isaiah 42:6 and 49:6, identifying Jesus as the light to the Gentiles and the glory of Israel. Simeon also utters fresh prophecy in vv. 34-35, foretelling that Christ will divide Israel and that a sword will pierce Mary's soul — a foreshadowing of the cross.
Devotional
Luke 2 places the cosmic and the ordinary side by side. The Saviour of the world enters history in a feeding trough, announced first to working shepherds rather than kings. God still meets people in unremarkable places and through unremarkable lives.
Mary's response is worth imitating: she kept these things and pondered them in her heart. Faith grows by attentive remembering, not just by feeling.
Simeon and Anna show that long waiting is not wasted waiting. Decades of devotion prepared them to recognize Christ when he came — a quiet encouragement to keep watching, praying, and trusting.
Literary Style
Historical narrative woven with two embedded hymns (the Gloria of the angels and Simeon's Nunc Dimittis) and prophetic oracle. Luke writes in polished Hellenistic Greek with careful historical anchoring, dialogue, and parallel scenes that pair male and female witnesses (Simeon and Anna).