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Luke 4

Chapter Text

The Temptation of Jesus

Jesus Rejected at Nazareth

Jesus Drives Out an Evil Spirit

Jesus Heals Many

Summary

Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, is led into the wilderness where He fasts forty days and is tempted by the devil. He resists each temptation with Scripture and the devil departs for a season. Jesus returns in the power of the Spirit to Galilee, teaching in synagogues and gaining widespread acclaim.

In the synagogue at Nazareth, He reads from Isaiah 61 and declares the Scripture fulfilled in their hearing. The people initially marvel but then reject Him when He references God's grace to Gentiles. They attempt to throw Him from a cliff, but He passes through their midst. He teaches and casts out demons in Capernaum.

Meaning

Luke's temptation account emphasizes that Jesus entered the wilderness full of the Spirit and returned in the power of the Spirit, showing that the temptation was not a detour but a necessary preparation for ministry. Victory over the enemy precedes effective public service.

The Nazareth sermon is programmatic for Luke's entire Gospel. Jesus' declaration that He came to preach good tidings to the poor, heal the brokenhearted, and set captives free defines His mission. The congregation's rage at His mention of Gentile recipients of grace foreshadows Israel's broader rejection and the gospel's movement to the nations.

Background

Isaiah 61 was recognized as a messianic text. Jesus stopped reading mid-sentence, before the phrase about the day of vengeance of our God, suggesting that His first coming focused on mercy rather than judgment.

The references to Elijah and the widow of Zarephath and Elisha and Naaman the Syrian were particularly provocative because both stories involved God bypassing Israel to bless Gentiles. This was deeply offensive to the nationalistic expectations of the Nazareth congregation.

Chapter Outline

  1. vv. 1-13Temptation in the wilderness
  2. vv. 14-15Return to Galilee in power
  3. vv. 16-21Reading Isaiah at Nazareth
  4. vv. 22-30Rejection in his hometown
  5. vv. 31-37Authority over an unclean spirit
  6. vv. 38-41Healing at Simon's house
  7. vv. 42-44Preaching throughout Galilee

Key Verses

And Jesus answered him, saying, It is written, That man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word of God.4:4

Jesus answers the first temptation by quoting Deuteronomy 8:3, establishing Scripture as the decisive weapon against satanic suggestion and affirming that spiritual sustenance surpasses physical need.

And Jesus answered and said unto him, Get thee behind me, Satan: for it is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve.4:8

This verse anchors the first commandment in Christ's own practice, declaring exclusive worship of God as the non-negotiable center of human existence.

The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he hath sent me to heal the brokenhearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised,4:18

Quoting Isaiah 61, Jesus formally announces his messianic mission. This Nazareth manifesto frames his entire ministry as one of liberation, healing, and good news to the marginalized.

And he began to say unto them, This day is this scripture fulfilled in your ears.4:21

With one sentence Jesus claims to be the fulfillment of Isaiah's prophecy, making this among the most direct messianic self-declarations in the Gospels.

People & Places

People

  • JesusThe Son of God, who resists temptation, inaugurates his public ministry, and heals the sick.
  • The devil (Satan)The tempter who challenges Jesus in the wilderness with three trials of identity and loyalty.
  • Esaias (Isaiah)The Old Testament prophet whose scroll Jesus reads in the Nazareth synagogue.
  • JosephJesus' legal father, referenced by the Nazarenes who knew Jesus as 'Joseph's son.'
  • Elias (Elijah)The prophet Jesus cites as having been sent to a Gentile widow during Israel's famine.
  • Eliseus (Elisha)The prophet Jesus references for cleansing Naaman the Syrian rather than Israelite lepers.
  • NaamanThe Syrian commander healed of leprosy by Elisha, cited as an example of God's grace to Gentiles.
  • Simon (Peter)The disciple in whose house Jesus heals his mother-in-law of a fever.
  • Simon's wife's motherHealed of a great fever by Jesus, after which she rises and ministers to them.

Places

  • JordanThe river from which Jesus returns after his baptism, filled with the Holy Ghost.
  • The wildernessThe desolate region where Jesus fasts forty days and is tempted by the devil.
  • JerusalemThe holy city, site of the temple pinnacle where Satan tempts Jesus to leap.
  • GalileeThe northern region where Jesus begins his preaching ministry in power.
  • NazarethJesus' hometown, where he reads from Isaiah and is rejected by his own neighbors.
  • SareptaA city of Sidon where Elijah was sent to a Gentile widow during famine.
  • SidonThe coastal Gentile region containing Sarepta, cited to highlight God's mercy beyond Israel.
  • CapernaumThe Galilean city that becomes a hub of Jesus' teaching, exorcism, and healing ministry.

Prophecy & Fulfillment

In verses 18-19 Jesus reads from Isaiah 61:1-2, then declares in verse 21, 'This day is this scripture fulfilled in your ears.' He explicitly identifies himself as the Spirit-anointed servant whom Isaiah foresaw, sent to proclaim good news, liberty, and the acceptable year of the Lord. Notably, he stops mid-sentence before Isaiah's mention of 'the day of vengeance,' signaling that his first advent is one of grace. The unclean spirits' confession in verses 34 and 41 ('the Holy One of God,' 'Christ the Son of God') further attests his messianic identity.

Devotional

Luke 4 shows a Savior who meets temptation with Scripture, not willpower. When hunger, ambition, and spectacle press in, Jesus answers each with 'it is written'—a quiet reminder that the Word we hide in our hearts becomes the ground we stand on under pressure.

Notice too where his ministry begins: with the poor, the brokenhearted, the captive, the bruised. If we want to walk in step with Christ, we will find ourselves drawn toward the same people he sought. And like the Nazarenes, we may be tempted to domesticate him as 'Joseph's son.' He refuses to be small. He comes to set free.

Literary Style

Gospel narrative weaving three movements: a stylized temptation dialogue structured around three Scripture exchanges, a programmatic synagogue sermon featuring direct prophetic quotation, and rapid miracle accounts. Luke uses vivid scene shifts, reported speech, and Old Testament citation to frame Jesus' inaugural ministry.