Chapter Text
Paul in Thessalonica
Now when they had passed through Amphipolis and Apollonia, they came to Thessalonica, where was a synagogue of the Jews:
2And Paul, as his manner was, went in unto them, and three sabbath days reasoned with them out of the scriptures,
3Opening and alleging, that Christ must needs have suffered, and risen again from the dead; and that this Jesus, whom I preach unto you, is Christ.
4And some of them believed, and consorted with Paul and Silas; and of the devout Greeks a great multitude, and of the chief women not a few.
5But the Jews which believed not, moved with envy, took unto them certain lewd fellows of the baser sort, and gathered a company, and set all the city on an uproar, and assaulted the house of Jason, and sought to bring them out to the people.
6And when they found them not, they drew Jason and certain brethren unto the rulers of the city, crying, These that have turned the world upside down are come hither also;
7Whom Jason hath received: and these all do contrary to the decrees of Caesar, saying that there is another king, one Jesus.
8And they troubled the people and the rulers of the city, when they heard these things.
9And when they had taken security of Jason, and of the other, they let them go.
Paul in Berea
10And the brethren immediately sent away Paul and Silas by night unto Berea: who coming thither went into the synagogue of the Jews.
11These were more noble than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness of mind, and searched the scriptures daily , whether those things were so.
12Therefore many of them believed; also of honourable women which were Greeks, and of men, not a few.
13But when the Jews of Thessalonica had knowledge that the word of God was preached of Paul at Berea, they came thither also, and stirred up the people.
14And then immediately the brethren sent away Paul to go as it were to the sea: but Silas and Timotheus abode there still.
15And they that conducted Paul brought him unto Athens: and receiving a commandment unto Silas and Timotheus for to come to him with all speed , they departed.
Paul in Athens
16Now while Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit was stirred in him, when he saw the city wholly given to idolatry.
17Therefore disputed he in the synagogue with the Jews, and with the devout persons, and in the market daily with them that met with him.
18Then certain philosophers of the Epicureans, and of the Stoicks, encountered him. And some said, What will this babbler say? other some, He seemeth to be a setter forth of strange gods: because he preached unto them Jesus, and the resurrection.
19And they took him, and brought him unto Areopagus, saying, May we know what this new doctrine, whereof thou speakest, is?
20For thou bringest certain strange things to our ears: we would know therefore what these things mean .
21(For all the Athenians and strangers which were there spent their time in nothing else, but either to tell, or to hear some new thing.)
Paul's Sermon on Mars Hill
22Then Paul stood in the midst of Mars' hill, and said, Ye men of Athens, I perceive that in all things ye are too superstitious.
23For as I passed by, and beheld your devotions, I found an altar with this inscription, TO THE UNKNOWN GOD. Whom therefore ye ignorantly worship, him declare I unto you.
24God that made the world and all things therein , seeing that he is Lord of heaven and earth, dwelleth not in temples made with hands;
25Neither is worshipped with men's hands, as though he needed any thing, seeing he giveth to all life, and breath, and all things;
26And hath made of one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth, and hath determined the times before appointed, and the bounds of their habitation;
27That they should seek the Lord, if haply they might feel after him, and find him, though he be not far from every one of us:
28For in him we live, and move, and have our being; as certain also of your own poets have said, For we are also his offspring.
29Forasmuch then as we are the offspring of God, we ought not to think that the Godhead is like unto gold, or silver, or stone, graven by art and man's device.
30And the times of this ignorance God winked at; but now commandeth all men every where to repent:
31Because he hath appointed a day, in the which he will judge the world in righteousness by that man whom he hath ordained; whereof he hath given assurance unto all men, in that he hath raised him from the dead.
32And when they heard of the resurrection of the dead, some mocked: and others said, We will hear thee again of this matter.
33So Paul departed from among them.
34Howbeit certain men clave unto him, and believed: among the which was Dionysius the Areopagite, and a woman named Damaris, and others with them.
Summary
In Thessalonica, Paul reasons from the Scriptures in the synagogue for three Sabbaths, proving that Christ had to suffer and rise from the dead. Some Jews and many God-fearing Greeks believe. Jealous opponents stir up a mob and drag Jason before the city rulers. Paul and Silas are sent to Berea, where the Jews receive the word with great eagerness, searching the Scriptures daily. Opposition from Thessalonica follows them, and Paul proceeds to Athens, where he preaches on Mars Hill about the unknown God.
Meaning
The Berean example of examining Scripture to test what they heard establishes a standard for all believers. Noble-minded faith does not accept teaching uncritically but measures everything against God's written word. This passage honors both the preacher and the discerning hearer.
Paul's address on Mars Hill demonstrates remarkable cultural sensitivity without compromising the gospel. He begins with what his audience knows — their altar to an unknown God — and leads them to the truth of creation, judgment, and resurrection. The mixed response in Athens reflects the reality that the gospel always divides.
Background
Thessalonica was the capital of the Roman province of Macedonia and a major commercial center. The charge that Christians turned the world upside down reflects how threatening the message was to Roman order. Berea was a smaller city about fifty miles southwest of Thessalonica. The Areopagus in Athens was both a physical location and a governing council that evaluated new teachings. Athens was the intellectual center of the ancient world.
Chapter Outline
- vv. 1-9Uproar in Thessalonica
- vv. 10-15The Noble Bereans
- vv. 16-21Paul Provoked in Athens
- vv. 22-31Sermon on Mars' Hill
- vv. 32-34Mockers, Delayers, and Believers
Key Verses
“These were more noble than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness of mind, and searched the scriptures daily, whether those things were so.”— 17:11
The Bereans became the biblical model for diligent, discerning study—testing every teaching against Scripture rather than accepting it on authority alone.
“God that made the world and all things therein, seeing that he is Lord of heaven and earth, dwelleth not in temples made with hands;”— 17:24
Paul's declaration to the Athenians establishes the transcendent Creator over against pagan idolatry, echoing Solomon's temple prayer and Stephen's defense in Acts 7.
“For in him we live, and move, and have our being; as certain also of your own poets have said, For we are also his offspring.”— 17:28
A landmark of contextual evangelism—Paul quotes Greek poets (Epimenides and Aratus) to bridge to gospel truth, affirming general revelation while redirecting it to the true God.
“And the times of this ignorance God winked at; but now commandeth all men every where to repent:”— 17:30
A universal summons to repentance grounded in the coming judgment and the resurrection—the gospel's demand is global, not tribal.
People & Places
People
- Paul — The apostle preaching through Macedonia and Achaia on his second missionary journey.
- Silas — Paul's traveling companion and fellow preacher, left behind in Berea.
- Timotheus (Timothy) — Young coworker of Paul who remained with Silas in Berea.
- Jason — Thessalonian believer who hosted Paul and Silas and was dragged before the city rulers.
- Epicurean philosophers — Athenian thinkers who held that pleasure and tranquility were life's goal and the gods remote.
- Stoic philosophers — Athenian thinkers who taught virtue, reason, and a pantheistic divine order.
- Dionysius the Areopagite — A member of the Athenian high court who believed Paul's message.
- Damaris — An Athenian woman named among the converts after Paul's Mars' Hill sermon.
Places
- Amphipolis — A Macedonian city on the Via Egnatia through which Paul passed.
- Apollonia — A Macedonian town along Paul's route between Amphipolis and Thessalonica.
- Thessalonica — Capital of Macedonia and a major commercial city with a Jewish synagogue.
- Berea — A Macedonian town whose Jews were commended for their scriptural diligence.
- Athens — The intellectual and religious center of Greece, saturated with idols and philosophy.
- Areopagus (Mars' Hill) — Athens' venerable council and rocky meeting place where new teachings were examined.
Prophecy & Fulfillment
Paul's synagogue preaching insists that the Messiah 'must needs have suffered, and risen again from the dead' (v. 3), pointing to Old Testament prophecies such as Isaiah 53 and Psalm 16 as fulfilled in Jesus. On Mars' Hill he anchors the future judgment in Christ's resurrection (v. 31), echoing Psalm 9:8 and Psalm 96:13, which promise that the Lord shall judge the world in righteousness. The resurrection thus functions both as fulfilled prophecy and as God's pledge of the eschatological judgment to come.
Devotional
Paul's journey through three cities reveals three responses to truth: hostility in Thessalonica, humble searching in Berea, and curious skepticism in Athens. The Bereans stand out not because they believed quickly, but because they tested what they heard against Scripture. That same readiness of mind is asked of us—neither cynical nor gullible, but eager and discerning.
Notice too that Paul met people where they were, quoting their poets and engaging their questions. Faithful witness listens before it speaks. Whether facing mockery, mob, or marketplace, the call is the same: declare the God who is not far from any of us, and trust Him with the response.
Literary Style
Historical narrative in Luke's polished Hellenistic Greek, featuring travelogue, public conflict scenes, and a carefully crafted apologetic speech. The Areopagus address is a rhetorical set piece, employing classical Greek conventions—exordium, quotation of pagan poets, and a pointed call to repentance.