Chapter Text
Stephen's Speech
Then said the high priest, Are these things so?
2And he said, Men, brethren, and fathers, hearken; The God of glory appeared unto our father Abraham, when he was in Mesopotamia, before he dwelt in Charran,
3And said unto him, Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and come into the land which I shall shew thee.
4Then came he out of the land of the Chaldaeans, and dwelt in Charran: and from thence, when his father was dead, he removed him into this land, wherein ye now dwell.
5And he gave him none inheritance in it, no, not so much as to set his foot on: yet he promised that he would give it to him for a possession, and to his seed after him, when as yet he had no child.
6And God spake on this wise, That his seed should sojourn in a strange land; and that they should bring them into bondage, and entreat them evil four hundred years.
7And the nation to whom they shall be in bondage will I judge, said God: and after that shall they come forth, and serve me in this place.
8And he gave him the covenant of circumcision: and so Abraham begat Isaac, and circumcised him the eighth day; and Isaac begat Jacob; and Jacob begat the twelve patriarchs.
9And the patriarchs, moved with envy, sold Joseph into Egypt: but God was with him,
10And delivered him out of all his afflictions, and gave him favour and wisdom in the sight of Pharaoh king of Egypt; and he made him governor over Egypt and all his house.
11Now there came a dearth over all the land of Egypt and Chanaan, and great affliction: and our fathers found no sustenance.
12But when Jacob heard that there was corn in Egypt, he sent out our fathers first.
13And at the second time Joseph was made known to his brethren; and Joseph's kindred was made known unto Pharaoh.
14Then sent Joseph, and called his father Jacob to him, and all his kindred, threescore and fifteen souls.
15So Jacob went down into Egypt, and died, he, and our fathers,
16And were carried over into Sychem, and laid in the sepulchre that Abraham bought for a sum of money of the sons of Emmor the father of Sychem.
17But when the time of the promise drew nigh, which God had sworn to Abraham, the people grew and multiplied in Egypt,
18Till another king arose, which knew not Joseph.
19The same dealt subtilly with our kindred, and evil entreated our fathers, so that they cast out their young children, to the end they might not live.
20In which time Moses was born, and was exceeding fair, and nourished up in his father's house three months:
21And when he was cast out, Pharaoh's daughter took him up, and nourished him for her own son.
22And Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and was mighty in words and in deeds.
23And when he was full forty years old, it came into his heart to visit his brethren the children of Israel.
24And seeing one of them suffer wrong, he defended him, and avenged him that was oppressed, and smote the Egyptian:
25For he supposed his brethren would have understood how that God by his hand would deliver them: but they understood not.
26And the next day he shewed himself unto them as they strove, and would have set them at one again, saying, Sirs, ye are brethren; why do ye wrong one to another?
27But he that did his neighbour wrong thrust him away, saying, Who made thee a ruler and a judge over us?
28Wilt thou kill me, as thou diddest the Egyptian yesterday?
29Then fled Moses at this saying, and was a stranger in the land of Madian, where he begat two sons.
30And when forty years were expired, there appeared to him in the wilderness of mount Sina an angel of the Lord in a flame of fire in a bush.
31When Moses saw it, he wondered at the sight: and as he drew near to behold it, the voice of the Lord came unto him,
32Saying, I am the God of thy fathers, the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob. Then Moses trembled , and durst not behold.
33Then said the Lord to him, Put off thy shoes from thy feet: for the place where thou standest is holy ground.
34I have seen, I have seen the affliction of my people which is in Egypt, and I have heard their groaning, and am come down to deliver them. And now come, I will send thee into Egypt.
35This Moses whom they refused, saying, Who made thee a ruler and a judge? the same did God send to be a ruler and a deliverer by the hand of the angel which appeared to him in the bush.
36He brought them out, after that he had shewed wonders and signs in the land of Egypt, and in the Red sea, and in the wilderness forty years.
37This is that Moses, which said unto the children of Israel, A prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your brethren, like unto me; him shall ye hear.
38This is he, that was in the church in the wilderness with the angel which spake to him in the mount Sina, and with our fathers: who received the lively oracles to give unto us:
39To whom our fathers would not obey , but thrust him from them, and in their hearts turned back again into Egypt,
40Saying unto Aaron, Make us gods to go before us: for as for this Moses, which brought us out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is become of him.
41And they made a calf in those days, and offered sacrifice unto the idol, and rejoiced in the works of their own hands.
42Then God turned, and gave them up to worship the host of heaven; as it is written in the book of the prophets, O ye house of Israel, have ye offered to me slain beasts and sacrifices by the space of forty years in the wilderness?
43Yea, ye took up the tabernacle of Moloch, and the star of your god Remphan, figures which ye made to worship them: and I will carry you away beyond Babylon.
44Our fathers had the tabernacle of witness in the wilderness, as he had appointed, speaking unto Moses, that he should make it according to the fashion that he had seen.
45Which also our fathers that came after brought in with Jesus into the possession of the Gentiles, whom God drave out before the face of our fathers, unto the days of David;
46Who found favour before God, and desired to find a tabernacle for the God of Jacob.
47But Solomon built him an house.
48Howbeit the most High dwelleth not in temples made with hands; as saith the prophet,
49Heaven is my throne, and earth is my footstool : what house will ye build me? saith the Lord: or what is the place of my rest?
50Hath not my hand made all these things?
51Ye stiffnecked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, ye do always resist the Holy Ghost: as your fathers did, so do ye.
52Which of the prophets have not your fathers persecuted? and they have slain them which shewed before of the coming of the Just One; of whom ye have been now the betrayers and murderers:
53Who have received the law by the disposition of angels, and have not kept it.
The Stoning of Stephen
54When they heard these things, they were cut to the heart , and they gnashed on him with their teeth.
55But he, being full of the Holy Ghost, looked up stedfastly into heaven, and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing on the right hand of God,
56And said, Behold, I see the heavens opened, and the Son of man standing on the right hand of God.
57Then they cried out with a loud voice, and stopped their ears, and ran upon him with one accord,
58And cast him out of the city, and stoned him: and the witnesses laid down their clothes at a young man's feet, whose name was Saul.
59And they stoned Stephen, calling upon God, and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.
60And he kneeled down , and cried with a loud voice, Lord, lay not this sin to their charge. And when he had said this, he fell asleep.
Summary
Stephen delivers a sweeping defense before the Sanhedrin, recounting Israel's history from Abraham through Moses to Solomon. He demonstrates that God's work has never been confined to a single place and that Israel has repeatedly resisted the Holy Spirit. Stephen accuses the council of betraying and murdering the Righteous One. Enraged, they cast him out of the city and stone him. Stephen sees heaven opened and Jesus standing at the right hand of God, and dies praying for his murderers.
Meaning
Stephen's speech is a masterful exposition of Israel's history, revealing a recurring pattern of rejecting God's chosen servants. By tracing this theme from Joseph through Moses to the prophets, Stephen shows that the rejection of Jesus was not an anomaly but the culmination of centuries of rebellion.
His vision of Christ standing at God's right hand provides powerful testimony to the reality of the resurrection. Stephen's prayer for his executioners mirrors Christ's own words from the cross, revealing the transforming power of the gospel even in the moment of death.
Background
Stephen's speech is the longest recorded in Acts, drawing from Genesis through the prophets. Stoning was the prescribed Jewish punishment for blasphemy. The witnesses laying their garments at Saul's feet introduces the man who would become the apostle Paul. Stephen is recognized as the first Christian martyr. His death likely occurred around AD 34 and triggered a wider persecution that scattered the church beyond Jerusalem.
Chapter Outline
- vv. 1-8The call and covenant of Abraham
- vv. 9-16Joseph and the descent into Egypt
- vv. 17-29Moses' early life and flight to Midian
- vv. 30-38The burning bush and Moses the deliverer
- vv. 39-43Israel's idolatry in the wilderness
- vv. 44-50Tabernacle, temple, and the God who is not contained
- vv. 51-53Stephen's indictment of his hearers
- vv. 54-60The vision and martyrdom of Stephen
Key Verses
“Ye stiffnecked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, ye do always resist the Holy Ghost: as your fathers did, so do ye.”— 7:51
The climactic indictment of Stephen's sermon, turning Israel's own history against his accusers and echoing prophetic rebukes from Jeremiah and Isaiah.
“And said, Behold, I see the heavens opened, and the Son of man standing on the right hand of God.”— 7:56
The only New Testament occurrence of 'Son of man' on lips other than Jesus's own, and a striking vision of Christ standing—rather than seated—as if to receive his first martyr.
“And they stoned Stephen, calling upon God, and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.”— 7:59
Stephen's dying prayer mirrors Christ's own words on the cross, establishing a pattern of Christlike martyrdom and offering early evidence of prayer directed to Jesus as Lord.
“And he kneeled down, and cried with a loud voice, Lord, lay not this sin to their charge. And when he had said this, he fell asleep.”— 7:60
Stephen's prayer of forgiveness echoes Luke 23:34 and demonstrates the gospel's power to produce love for enemies even unto death.
People & Places
People
- Stephen — The first Christian martyr, a Spirit-filled deacon delivering his defense before the Sanhedrin.
- Abraham — Patriarch called by God from Mesopotamia, recipient of the covenant and promise of the land.
- Isaac — Son of Abraham, second of the patriarchs in the covenant line.
- Jacob — Son of Isaac, father of the twelve patriarchs of Israel.
- Joseph — Patriarch sold into Egypt by his brothers who rose to govern Egypt under Pharaoh.
- Pharaoh — King of Egypt who elevated Joseph; later a different Pharaoh oppressed Israel.
- Moses — Deliverer of Israel, raised in Pharaoh's house and called by God at the burning bush.
- Pharaoh's daughter — Egyptian princess who rescued the infant Moses and raised him as her own.
- Aaron — Brother of Moses who fashioned the golden calf at Israel's demand.
- Joshua — Called 'Jesus' here in the KJV, who led Israel into the possession of the Gentiles.
- David — King who found favor with God and desired to build a dwelling for the God of Jacob.
- Solomon — David's son who built the temple in Jerusalem.
- Saul — Young man at whose feet the witnesses laid their clothes—the future apostle Paul.
Places
- Mesopotamia — The land between the Tigris and Euphrates from which Abraham was originally called.
- Charran (Haran) — City in northern Mesopotamia where Abraham dwelt before entering Canaan.
- Land of the Chaldaeans — Abraham's homeland in southern Mesopotamia, the region of Ur.
- Egypt — Land where Joseph rose to power and where Israel was later enslaved for four hundred years.
- Chanaan (Canaan) — The promised land, struck by famine in Joseph's day.
- Sychem (Shechem) — Town in Samaria where the patriarchs were buried in a sepulchre purchased from the sons of Emmor.
- Madian (Midian) — Wilderness region east of Egypt where Moses fled and lived as a stranger.
- Mount Sina (Sinai) — Mountain where God appeared to Moses in the burning bush and later gave the law.
- Red Sea — Body of water through which God brought Israel out of Egypt with wonders and signs.
- Babylon — Place beyond which God threatened to carry Israel for their idolatry.
Prophecy & Fulfillment
Stephen quotes Deuteronomy 18:15 in verse 37, identifying Jesus as the prophet like Moses whom Israel was bound to hear. He cites Isaiah 66:1-2 in verses 49-50 to argue that God is not confined to the temple, and Amos 5:25-27 in verses 42-43 to expose Israel's long history of idolatry. The sermon's whole argument is that the rejection of Jesus by the Sanhedrin fulfills the pattern of Israel rejecting Moses and the prophets (vv. 35, 52), making Christ's death the climax of a long prophetic history.
Devotional
Stephen's defense is really a mirror, showing how easy it is to revere the past while resisting the God who is acting in the present. His accusers honored Abraham and Moses but failed to recognize the Just One their own scriptures foretold.
We can fall into the same trap—admiring faith at a safe historical distance while hardening our hearts against the Spirit's work today. Stephen's final prayer, asking forgiveness for those killing him, shows what a heart truly shaped by Christ looks like: unafraid in death, full of grace toward enemies, and steadied by the sight of Jesus standing to welcome him home.
Literary Style
A historical-theological speech (apologia) framed within narrative. Stephen retells Israel's salvation history as a sweeping rhetorical argument, weaving Old Testament quotation and allusion into a typological case that climaxes in prophetic rebuke and a martyrdom scene patterned after Christ's passion.