Chapter Text
Hezekiah's Prayer
And it came to pass, when king Hezekiah heard it, that he rent his clothes, and covered himself with sackcloth, and went into the house of the LORD.
2And he sent Eliakim, who was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and the elders of the priests covered with sackcloth, unto Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz.
3And they said unto him, Thus saith Hezekiah, This day is a day of trouble, and of rebuke, and of blasphemy: for the children are come to the birth, and there is not strength to bring forth.
4It may be the LORD thy God will hear the words of Rabshakeh, whom the king of Assyria his master hath sent to reproach the living God, and will reprove the words which the LORD thy God hath heard: wherefore lift up thy prayer for the remnant that is left.
5So the servants of king Hezekiah came to Isaiah.
6And Isaiah said unto them, Thus shall ye say unto your master, Thus saith the LORD, Be not afraid of the words that thou hast heard, wherewith the servants of the king of Assyria have blasphemed me.
7Behold, I will send a blast upon him, and he shall hear a rumour, and return to his own land; and I will cause him to fall by the sword in his own land.
8So Rabshakeh returned, and found the king of Assyria warring against Libnah: for he had heard that he was departed from Lachish.
9And he heard say concerning Tirhakah king of Ethiopia, He is come forth to make war with thee. And when he heard it, he sent messengers to Hezekiah, saying,
10Thus shall ye speak to Hezekiah king of Judah, saying, Let not thy God, in whom thou trustest, deceive thee, saying, Jerusalem shall not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria.
11Behold, thou hast heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all lands by destroying them utterly; and shalt thou be delivered?
12Have the gods of the nations delivered them which my fathers have destroyed, as Gozan, and Haran, and Rezeph, and the children of Eden which were in Telassar?
13Where is the king of Hamath, and the king of Arphad, and the king of the city of Sepharvaim, Hena, and Ivah?
14And Hezekiah received the letter from the hand of the messengers, and read it: and Hezekiah went up unto the house of the LORD, and spread it before the LORD.
15And Hezekiah prayed unto the LORD, saying,
16O LORD of hosts, God of Israel, that dwellest between the cherubims, thou art the God, even thou alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth: thou hast made heaven and earth.
17Incline thine ear, O LORD, and hear; open thine eyes, O LORD, and see: and hear all the words of Sennacherib, which hath sent to reproach the living God.
18Of a truth, LORD, the kings of Assyria have laid waste all the nations, and their countries,
19And have cast their gods into the fire: for they were no gods, but the work of men's hands, wood and stone: therefore they have destroyed them.
20Now therefore, O LORD our God, save us from his hand, that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that thou art the LORD, even thou only.
Sennacherib's Fall Predicted
21Then Isaiah the son of Amoz sent unto Hezekiah, saying, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Whereas thou hast prayed to me against Sennacherib king of Assyria:
22This is the word which the LORD hath spoken concerning him; The virgin, the daughter of Zion, hath despised thee, and laughed thee to scorn; the daughter of Jerusalem hath shaken her head at thee.
23Whom hast thou reproached and blasphemed? and against whom hast thou exalted thy voice, and lifted up thine eyes on high? even against the Holy One of Israel.
24By thy servants hast thou reproached the Lord, and hast said, By the multitude of my chariots am I come up to the height of the mountains, to the sides of Lebanon; and I will cut down the tall cedars thereof, and the choice fir trees thereof: and I will enter into the height of his border, and the forest of his Carmel.
25I have digged, and drunk water; and with the sole of my feet have I dried up all the rivers of the besieged places.
26Hast thou not heard long ago, how I have done it; and of ancient times, that I have formed it? now have I brought it to pass, that thou shouldest be to lay waste defenced cities into ruinous heaps.
27Therefore their inhabitants were of small power, they were dismayed and confounded: they were as the grass of the field, and as the green herb, as the grass on the housetops, and as corn blasted before it be grown up.
28But I know thy abode, and thy going out, and thy coming in, and thy rage against me.
29Because thy rage against me, and thy tumult, is come up into mine ears, therefore will I put my hook in thy nose, and my bridle in thy lips, and I will turn thee back by the way by which thou camest.
30And this shall be a sign unto thee, Ye shall eat this year such as groweth of itself; and the second year that which springeth of the same: and in the third year sow ye, and reap, and plant vineyards, and eat the fruit thereof.
31And the remnant that is escaped of the house of Judah shall again take root downward, and bear fruit upward:
32For out of Jerusalem shall go forth a remnant, and they that escape out of mount Zion: the zeal of the LORD of hosts shall do this.
33Therefore thus saith the LORD concerning the king of Assyria, He shall not come into this city, nor shoot an arrow there, nor come before it with shields, nor cast a bank against it.
34By the way that he came, by the same shall he return, and shall not come into this city, saith the LORD.
35For I will defend this city to save it for mine own sake, and for my servant David's sake.
36Then the angel of the LORD went forth, and smote in the camp of the Assyrians a hundred and fourscore and five thousand: and when they arose early in the morning, behold, they were all dead corpses.
37So Sennacherib king of Assyria departed, and went and returned, and dwelt at Nineveh.
38And it came to pass, as he was worshipping in the house of Nisroch his god, that Adrammelech and Sharezer his sons smote him with the sword; and they escaped into the land of Armenia: and Esarhaddon his son reigned in his stead.
Summary
When Hezekiah hears Rabshakeh's words, he tears his clothes, puts on sackcloth, and enters the house of the Lord. He sends to the prophet Isaiah, who assures him that the Lord will cause Sennacherib to return home and fall by the sword. Sennacherib sends a threatening letter, and Hezekiah spreads it before the Lord in prayer. Isaiah delivers God's response: the virgin daughter of Zion despises Sennacherib. God will put a hook in his nose and turn him back. That night, the angel of the Lord strikes 185,000 Assyrians.
Meaning
Hezekiah's response to crisis models the proper posture of faith: taking the threat directly to God in prayer rather than relying on human diplomacy or military strategy. Spreading the letter before the Lord demonstrates radical dependence on divine sovereignty.
The miraculous destruction of the Assyrian army confirms that the battle belongs to the Lord. No human army participated in this deliverance. The God who defends His people requires only their trust, and He acts with power that dwarfs all earthly forces.
Background
The destruction of Sennacherib's army in 701 BC is corroborated by multiple ancient sources. Herodotus records an Egyptian tradition of mice (possibly symbolic of plague) destroying the Assyrian bowstrings. Sennacherib's own records conspicuously omit any claim of conquering Jerusalem.
Sennacherib was later assassinated by his own sons while worshipping in the temple of his god Nisroch, precisely as Isaiah prophesied.
Chapter Outline
- vv. 1-5Hezekiah seeks the prophet
- vv. 6-7Isaiah's first word of assurance
- vv. 8-13Sennacherib's threatening letter
- vv. 14-20Hezekiah's prayer in the temple
- vv. 21-29The LORD answers Assyrian pride
- vv. 30-35Sign of the remnant and promise of deliverance
- vv. 36-38The angel's stroke and Sennacherib's fall
Key Verses
“O LORD of hosts, God of Israel, that dwellest between the cherubims, thou art the God, even thou alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth: thou hast made heaven and earth.”— 37:16
Hezekiah's confession of monotheism in the face of imperial threat is one of the great prayers of Scripture, affirming the LORD as sole sovereign over all nations and creation.
“Now therefore, O LORD our God, save us from his hand, that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that thou art the LORD, even thou only.”— 37:20
The petition is framed not for self-preservation alone but for the global vindication of God's name, modeling prayer that seeks God's glory above personal deliverance.
“For I will defend this city to save it for mine own sake, and for my servant David's sake.”— 37:35
God's deliverance is grounded in His own name and the Davidic covenant, anticipating the unbreakable promise that culminates in Messiah, the greater Son of David.
“Then the angel of the LORD went forth, and smote in the camp of the Assyrians a hundred and fourscore and five thousand: and when they arose early in the morning, behold, they were all dead corpses.”— 37:36
The miraculous overthrow of Sennacherib's army is one of the most dramatic divine interventions in the Old Testament, vindicating Hezekiah's faith and Isaiah's prophecy.
People & Places
People
- Hezekiah — King of Judah who humbles himself, prays, and trusts the LORD against Assyrian threat.
- Eliakim — Royal steward over Hezekiah's household, sent as envoy to Isaiah.
- Shebna — The scribe sent with Eliakim to seek a word from the prophet.
- Isaiah — Son of Amoz, the prophet who delivers the LORD's reassuring oracle against Sennacherib.
- Rabshakeh — Assyrian field commander who returns to his king after taunting Jerusalem.
- Sennacherib — King of Assyria whose blasphemous letter provokes God's judgment.
- Tirhakah — King of Ethiopia (Cush) whose advance distracts Sennacherib from Jerusalem.
- David — Israel's covenant king for whose sake the LORD pledges to defend Jerusalem.
- Nisroch — Assyrian deity in whose temple Sennacherib is assassinated.
- Adrammelech — Son of Sennacherib who, with his brother, kills his father.
- Sharezer — Son of Sennacherib who joins in the assassination and flees.
- Esarhaddon — Son of Sennacherib who succeeds him on the Assyrian throne.
Places
- House of the LORD — The Jerusalem temple where Hezekiah goes to mourn and pray.
- Libnah — Judean city where Sennacherib was warring after leaving Lachish.
- Lachish — Fortified Judean city Sennacherib had been besieging.
- Ethiopia — Cushite kingdom whose king Tirhakah marched against Assyria.
- Jerusalem — Capital of Judah and the city miraculously delivered by the LORD.
- Gozan, Haran, Rezeph, Telassar — Mesopotamian regions Assyria had previously conquered, cited as proof of imperial power.
- Hamath, Arphad, Sepharvaim, Hena, Ivah — Syrian and Mesopotamian city-states whose kings had fallen to Assyria.
- Lebanon — Mountain region whose famed cedars Sennacherib boasted of cutting down.
- Mount Zion — The temple mount, source of the surviving remnant of Judah.
- Nineveh — Assyrian capital to which Sennacherib retreated and where he was killed.
- Armenia (Ararat) — Mountainous land north of Assyria where the assassins fled.
Prophecy & Fulfillment
Isaiah delivers a specific prophecy in verses 7 and 33-35: Sennacherib will hear a rumor, return home, and fall by the sword in his own land, never shooting an arrow against Jerusalem. Verses 36-38 record the precise fulfillment — the angel of the LORD slays 185,000 Assyrians, Sennacherib withdraws to Nineveh, and is later murdered by his own sons in the temple of Nisroch. The promise to defend the city for David's sake (v. 35) also reaches forward to the Messianic hope that the Davidic line will not be cut off, a thread Isaiah develops toward chapters 9 and 11.
Devotional
Hezekiah's response to crisis is a pattern worth learning. When the threatening letter arrives, he does not draft a political reply or rally allies — he carries it into the house of the LORD and spreads it before God.
There is something deeply honest about that gesture. The fears we cannot fix, we can lay open before the One who can. Hezekiah's prayer is not panicked; it is grounded in who God is — Maker of heaven and earth, sovereign over every kingdom. When we begin with God's character rather than our circumstances, even the loudest threats lose their final word.
Literary Style
Historical narrative interwoven with prophetic oracle and prayer. The chapter alternates prose reportage with two elevated poetic sections — Hezekiah's temple prayer and the LORD's taunt-song against Sennacherib (vv. 22-29) — featuring vivid imagery, parallelism, and direct divine address.