Chapter Text
Samson's Marriage
And Samson went down to Timnath, and saw a woman in Timnath of the daughters of the Philistines.
2And he came up, and told his father and his mother, and said, I have seen a woman in Timnath of the daughters of the Philistines: now therefore get her for me to wife.
3Then his father and his mother said unto him, Is there never a woman among the daughters of thy brethren, or among all my people, that thou goest to take a wife of the uncircumcised Philistines? And Samson said unto his father, Get her for me; for she pleaseth me well .
4But his father and his mother knew not that it was of the LORD, that he sought an occasion against the Philistines: for at that time the Philistines had dominion over Israel.
5Then went Samson down, and his father and his mother, to Timnath, and came to the vineyards of Timnath: and, behold, a young lion roared against him.
6And the Spirit of the LORD came mightily upon him, and he rent him as he would have rent a kid, and he had nothing in his hand: but he told not his father or his mother what he had done.
7And he went down, and talked with the woman; and she pleased Samson well .
8And after a time he returned to take her, and he turned aside to see the carcase of the lion: and, behold, there was a swarm of bees and honey in the carcase of the lion.
9And he took thereof in his hands, and went on eating, and came to his father and mother, and he gave them, and they did eat: but he told not them that he had taken the honey out of the carcase of the lion.
Samson's Riddle
10So his father went down unto the woman: and Samson made there a feast; for so used the young men to do.
11And it came to pass, when they saw him, that they brought thirty companions to be with him.
12And Samson said unto them, I will now put forth a riddle unto you: if ye can certainly declare it me within the seven days of the feast, and find it out, then I will give you thirty sheets and thirty change of garments:
13But if ye cannot declare it me, then shall ye give me thirty sheets and thirty change of garments. And they said unto him, Put forth thy riddle, that we may hear it.
14And he said unto them, Out of the eater came forth meat, and out of the strong came forth sweetness. And they could not in three days expound the riddle.
15And it came to pass on the seventh day, that they said unto Samson's wife, Entice thy husband, that he may declare unto us the riddle, lest we burn thee and thy father's house with fire: have ye called us to take that we have? is it not so?
16And Samson's wife wept before him, and said, Thou dost but hate me, and lovest me not: thou hast put forth a riddle unto the children of my people, and hast not told it me. And he said unto her, Behold, I have not told it my father nor my mother, and shall I tell it thee?
17And she wept before him the seven days, while their feast lasted: and it came to pass on the seventh day, that he told her, because she lay sore upon him: and she told the riddle to the children of her people.
18And the men of the city said unto him on the seventh day before the sun went down, What is sweeter than honey? and what is stronger than a lion? And he said unto them, If ye had not plowed with my heifer, ye had not found out my riddle.
19And the Spirit of the LORD came upon him, and he went down to Ashkelon, and slew thirty men of them, and took their spoil, and gave change of garments unto them which expounded the riddle. And his anger was kindled, and he went up to his father's house.
20But Samson's wife was given to his companion, whom he had used as his friend.
Summary
After Abimelech, Tola of Issachar judges Israel twenty-three years, followed by Jair the Gileadite for twenty-two years. Israel again does evil, serving the gods of surrounding nations. God delivers them to the Philistines and Ammonites for eighteen years. Israel confesses sin, puts away foreign gods, and the Lord's soul is grieved for their misery.
Meaning
The brief mentions of Tola and Jair remind us that God's work continues through faithful servants whose stories may be unspectacular but whose service sustains the nation during quiet years.
God's response to Israel's repentance reveals the tender heart behind His discipline. His soul was grieved for Israel's misery, showing that divine judgment is never indifferent but arises from a heart of wounded love.
Background
The minor judges like Tola and Jair likely exercised authority in limited regions rather than over all Israel. Jair's thirty sons riding thirty donkeys indicates his wealth and influence.
The Ammonites were descendants of Lot who occupied territory east of the Jordan, and their oppression was concentrated in Gilead and the Transjordan tribes.
Chapter Outline
- vv. 1-4Samson desires a Philistine wife
- vv. 5-7The lion slain by the Spirit's power
- vv. 8-9Honey from the lion's carcass
- vv. 10-14The wedding feast and Samson's riddle
- vv. 15-18Betrayal through Samson's wife
- vv. 19-20Samson's vengeance and his wife given away
Key Verses
“But his father and his mother knew not that it was of the LORD, that he sought an occasion against the Philistines: for at that time the Philistines had dominion over Israel.”— 14:4
This verse reveals the hidden providence of God working through Samson's seemingly wayward desires. It is theologically pivotal, showing that God's sovereign purposes can operate even through flawed human choices.
“And the Spirit of the LORD came mightily upon him, and he rent him as he would have rent a kid, and he had nothing in his hand: but he told not his father or his mother what he had done.”— 14:6
The first demonstration of Samson's supernatural strength, empowered explicitly by the Spirit of the Lord. This establishes the divine source of his power and foreshadows the pattern of Spirit-empowered exploits throughout his life.
“And he said unto them, Out of the eater came forth meat, and out of the strong came forth sweetness. And they could not in three days expound the riddle.”— 14:14
Samson's famous riddle, drawn from his secret encounter with the lion. It carries deeper typological resonance — life emerging from death, sweetness from destruction — themes that echo throughout Scripture.
People & Places
People
- Samson — Israelite judge empowered by the Spirit of the Lord, whose desire for a Philistine wife sets in motion God's purposes against Israel's oppressors.
- Samson's father (Manoah) — Samson's father who reluctantly accompanies his son to arrange the marriage in Timnath.
- Samson's mother — Samson's mother who, along with Manoah, objects to the Philistine marriage but does not know it is of the Lord.
- Samson's wife — An unnamed Philistine woman from Timnath whose persistent weeping persuades Samson to reveal his riddle's answer.
- The thirty companions — Philistine groomsmen assigned to Samson at the wedding feast, who threaten his wife to extract the riddle's solution.
Places
- Timnath — A Philistine-controlled town in the Shephelah lowlands where Samson sees the woman he desires to marry.
- Ashkelon — One of the five major Philistine cities on the Mediterranean coast, where Samson slays thirty men to pay his wager.
Devotional
God's providence often works through circumstances we would never choose. Samson's parents rightly objected to his decision, yet verse 4 reveals the Lord was orchestrating events beyond anyone's understanding. This does not excuse poor choices, but it reminds us that God's purposes cannot be thwarted.
The chapter also warns about the cost of misplaced trust. Samson's secret was extracted through persistent emotional pressure — a pattern that would repeat with devastating consequences later in his life. Guarding what is sacred, and choosing confidants wisely, remains timeless wisdom for every believer.
Literary Style
This chapter is vivid narrative prose structured around escalating conflict. It employs dramatic irony — the reader knows what characters do not (v. 4). The riddle in verse 14 introduces a poetic element with parallel structure. Dialogue drives the plot forward, and the motif of secrecy and disclosure creates sustained tension throughout the episode.