Chapter Text
Samson at Gaza
Then went Samson to Gaza, and saw there an harlot , and went in unto her.
2And it was told the Gazites, saying, Samson is come hither. And they compassed him in, and laid wait for him all night in the gate of the city, and were quiet all the night, saying, In the morning, when it is day, we shall kill him.
3And Samson lay till midnight , and arose at midnight , and took the doors of the gate of the city, and the two posts, and went away with them, bar and all, and put them upon his shoulders, and carried them up to the top of an hill that is before Hebron.
Samson and Delilah
4And it came to pass afterward, that he loved a woman in the valley of Sorek, whose name was Delilah.
5And the lords of the Philistines came up unto her, and said unto her, Entice him, and see wherein his great strength lieth, and by what means we may prevail against him, that we may bind him to afflict him: and we will give thee every one of us eleven hundred pieces of silver.
6And Delilah said to Samson, Tell me, I pray thee, wherein thy great strength lieth, and wherewith thou mightest be bound to afflict thee.
7And Samson said unto her, If they bind me with seven green withs that were never dried, then shall I be weak, and be as another man.
8Then the lords of the Philistines brought up to her seven green withs which had not been dried, and she bound him with them.
9Now there were men lying in wait, abiding with her in the chamber. And she said unto him, The Philistines be upon thee, Samson. And he brake the withs, as a thread of tow is broken when it toucheth the fire. So his strength was not known.
10And Delilah said unto Samson, Behold, thou hast mocked me, and told me lies: now tell me, I pray thee, wherewith thou mightest be bound.
11And he said unto her, If they bind me fast with new ropes that never were occupied , then shall I be weak, and be as another man.
12Delilah therefore took new ropes, and bound him therewith, and said unto him, The Philistines be upon thee, Samson. And there were liers in wait abiding in the chamber. And he brake them from off his arms like a thread.
13And Delilah said unto Samson, Hitherto thou hast mocked me, and told me lies: tell me wherewith thou mightest be bound. And he said unto her, If thou weavest the seven locks of my head with the web.
14And she fastened it with the pin, and said unto him, The Philistines be upon thee, Samson. And he awaked out of his sleep, and went away with the pin of the beam, and with the web.
15And she said unto him, How canst thou say, I love thee, when thine heart is not with me? thou hast mocked me these three times, and hast not told me wherein thy great strength lieth.
16And it came to pass, when she pressed him daily with her words, and urged him, so that his soul was vexed unto death;
17That he told her all his heart, and said unto her, There hath not come a razor upon mine head; for I have been a Nazarite unto God from my mother's womb: if I be shaven, then my strength will go from me, and I shall become weak, and be like any other man.
18And when Delilah saw that he had told her all his heart, she sent and called for the lords of the Philistines, saying, Come up this once, for he hath shewed me all his heart. Then the lords of the Philistines came up unto her, and brought money in their hand.
19And she made him sleep upon her knees; and she called for a man, and she caused him to shave off the seven locks of his head; and she began to afflict him, and his strength went from him.
20And she said, The Philistines be upon thee, Samson. And he awoke out of his sleep, and said, I will go out as at other times before, and shake myself. And he wist not that the LORD was departed from him.
The Death of Samson
21But the Philistines took him, and put out his eyes, and brought him down to Gaza, and bound him with fetters of brass; and he did grind in the prison house.
22Howbeit the hair of his head began to grow again after he was shaven.
23Then the lords of the Philistines gathered them together for to offer a great sacrifice unto Dagon their god, and to rejoice: for they said, Our god hath delivered Samson our enemy into our hand.
24And when the people saw him, they praised their god: for they said, Our god hath delivered into our hands our enemy, and the destroyer of our country, which slew many of us.
25And it came to pass, when their hearts were merry, that they said, Call for Samson, that he may make us sport. And they called for Samson out of the prison house; and he made them sport: and they set him between the pillars.
26And Samson said unto the lad that held him by the hand, Suffer me that I may feel the pillars whereupon the house standeth, that I may lean upon them.
27Now the house was full of men and women; and all the lords of the Philistines were there; and there were upon the roof about three thousand men and women, that beheld while Samson made sport.
28And Samson called unto the LORD, and said, O Lord GOD, remember me, I pray thee, and strengthen me, I pray thee, only this once, O God, that I may be at once avenged of the Philistines for my two eyes.
29And Samson took hold of the two middle pillars upon which the house stood, and on which it was borne up, of the one with his right hand, and of the other with his left.
30And Samson said, Let me die with the Philistines. And he bowed himself with all his might; and the house fell upon the lords, and upon all the people that were therein. So the dead which he slew at his death were more than they which he slew in his life.
31Then his brethren and all the house of his father came down, and took him, and brought him up, and buried him between Zorah and Eshtaol in the buryingplace of Manoah his father. And he judged Israel twenty years.
Summary
The Ephraimites again become hostile, threatening to burn Jephthah's house because they were not called to fight Ammon. Unlike Gideon, Jephthah responds with force. Civil war erupts, and the Gileadites seize the fords of Jordan, using the word 'Shibboleth' to identify fleeing Ephraimites who cannot pronounce it correctly. Forty-two thousand Ephraimites fall.
Meaning
The Shibboleth incident reveals how internal division can cause greater destruction than external enemies. Israel's tribes, meant to be united under God, shed more of each other's blood than the Ammonites had.
Ephraim's recurring pride and Jephthah's lack of Gideon's diplomacy combine to produce catastrophe. Both aggressive pride and harsh response contribute to communal destruction.
Background
Shibboleth means 'flowing stream' or 'ear of grain.' The Ephraimite dialect could not produce the 'sh' sound, saying 'Sibboleth' instead. This is history's most famous linguistic test.
After Jephthah, three minor judges served: Ibzan of Bethlehem for seven years, Elon the Zebulunite for ten years, and Abdon the Pirathonite for eight years.
Chapter Outline
- vv. 1-3Samson's escape from Gaza
- vv. 4-5Delilah recruited by the Philistine lords
- vv. 6-14Three failed attempts to learn Samson's secret
- vv. 15-17Samson reveals his Nazarite vow
- vv. 18-22Betrayal, capture, and imprisonment
- vv. 23-27The Philistine feast honoring Dagon
- vv. 28-31Samson's final prayer and death
Key Verses
“That he told her all his heart, and said unto her, There hath not come a razor upon mine head; for I have been a Nazarite unto God from my mother's womb: if I be shaven, then my strength will go from me, and I shall become weak, and be like any other man.”— 16:17
The climactic revelation of Samson's secret. His Nazarite vow was the visible sign of his consecration to God; surrendering it represents the abandonment of his covenant identity.
“And she said, The Philistines be upon thee, Samson. And he awoke out of his sleep, and said, I will go out as at other times before, and shake myself. And he wist not that the LORD was departed from him.”— 16:20
One of the most sobering lines in Scripture. Samson was unaware that God's empowering presence had withdrawn—a warning that spiritual departure can occur without immediate self-awareness.
“And Samson called unto the LORD, and said, O Lord GOD, remember me, I pray thee, and strengthen me, I pray thee, only this once, O God, that I may be at once avenged of the Philistines for my two eyes.”— 16:28
Samson's final prayer marks a return to dependence on God. Though his motive is personal vengeance, God grants the request, demonstrating grace even to a deeply flawed servant.
“And Samson said, Let me die with the Philistines. And he bowed himself with all his might; and the house fell upon the lords, and upon all the people that were therein. So the dead which he slew at his death were more than they which he slew in his life.”— 16:30
Samson's death achieves his greatest victory. The narrator's summary underscores the paradox of strength through sacrifice, a theme later fulfilled in Christ's atoning death.
People & Places
People
- Samson — Israel's Nazarite judge whose supernatural strength came from God's Spirit, here brought low by compromise and restored in a final act of faith.
- Delilah — A woman of the valley of Sorek whom Samson loved, bribed by the Philistine lords to discover the secret of his strength.
- The lords of the Philistines — The five rulers of the Philistine city-states who conspired together, each offering eleven hundred pieces of silver to secure Samson's capture.
- Manoah — Samson's father, in whose burial place between Zorah and Eshtaol Samson was interred.
Places
- Gaza — A principal Philistine city on the southern coast where Samson was later imprisoned and where he died destroying the temple of Dagon.
- Valley of Sorek — A valley running westward from the hill country toward Philistia, near the border between Israelite and Philistine territory, where Delilah lived.
- Hebron — A major city in the Judean hill country; Samson carried the gates of Gaza to a hill facing Hebron, a distance of roughly forty miles.
- Zorah and Eshtaol — Towns in the tribe of Dan's allotment where Samson was born and buried, marking the beginning and end of his life.
Prophecy & Fulfillment
While Judges 16 contains no direct messianic prophecy, Samson's death has long been read as a type of Christ. His arms outstretched between two pillars (vv. 29–30), his voluntary death that destroyed Israel's enemies, and his accomplishing more in death than in life all foreshadow the crucifixion. Hebrews 11:32 includes Samson among the heroes of faith, confirming that his final act was recognized as genuine trust in God despite a life of moral failure.
Devotional
Judges 16 is the story of slow surrender. Samson did not lose his strength in a single dramatic moment—he drifted there through repeated compromise, each step closer to Delilah's lap and further from his calling. The most haunting verse may be verse 20: "he wist not that the LORD was departed from him." Spiritual decline is often invisible to the one experiencing it.
Yet the chapter does not end in despair. Blind, humiliated, and grinding grain in a Philistine prison, Samson prayed. God answered. Grace met him in the lowest place. No failure is so final that it places us beyond the reach of God's restoring hand—but the cost of the journey back may be very high.
Literary Style
Judges 16 is dramatic narrative built on escalating tension and ironic reversal. The fourfold repetition of Delilah's entreaty and Samson's response creates a suspenseful literary pattern, each cycle drawing nearer to catastrophe. The narrator employs sharp irony—the strong man is weakened by words, the judge becomes the judged, and the blind captive sees his calling more clearly than the sighted free man ever did.